Associations between serum leptin levels, hyperlipidemia, and cholelithiasis in dogs

Abstract

Leptin and its receptor play several physiological roles in the canine gallbladder, and the dysregulation of leptin might play a role in the pathogenesis of gallbladder diseases such as gallbladder mucocele. Previous studies revealed a positive association between hyperlipidemia and gallstones in humans. However, the latter is still unclear in dogs with cholelithiasis. In this study, we examined the differences in leptin, leptin receptor, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels between healthy dogs and dogs with cholelithiasis, and evaluated the correlation between leptin and hyperlipidemia. Twenty-eight healthy dogs and 34 client-owned dogs with cholelithiasis were enrolled in the study. Leptin concentrations and lipid profiles were determined from sera, and leptin and leptin receptor expression levels were quantified in gallbladder tissue. In dogs with cholelithiasis, serum concentrations of leptin (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p < 0.001), and triglycerides (p < 0.001) were significantly higher compared with those in healthy dogs. Positive correlations were observed between serum leptin and total cholesterol (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.61–0.89, r = 0.725, p < 0.001), and between leptin and triglycerides (95% CI = 0.63–0.89, r = 0.782, p < 0.001) in the cholelithiasis group. Hypercholesterolemia (Odds Ratio (OR) = 9.720; 95% CI = 1.148–82.318) and hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 12.913; 95% CI = 1.548–107.722) were shown to be risk factors for gallstone disease. In cholelithiasis patients who underwent cholecystectomy, serum leptin levels were significantly higher than in patients that had not undergone surgery (p < 0.001). Leptin and leptin receptor expression was upregulated in the gallbladder tissues of cholelithiasis patients (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively). These results indicate that increased serum leptin concentrations and hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia) are associated with canine cholelithiasis and that homeostatic imbalance of these parameters might affect the pathogenesis of gallstones.

Effect of probiotic Enterococcus faecium SF68 on liver function in healthy dogs

“…Moreover, the effects on serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations could be proportional to the duration of probiotic administration. It would be interesting to assess if these effects associated with E. faecium SF68 would reach statistical significance and be clinically relevant with longer administration, because a clear relationship has been described between hyperlipidemia and liver and gallbladder diseases in dogs and humans …”

The Trp64Arg polymorphism in β3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) gene is associated with adipokines and plasma lipids: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

“…Both leptin and adiponectin are called adipokines, produced by white adipose tissue, one of the most potent lipid regulator [4][5][6], and plays a vital role in lipid metabolism [7][8][9]. Some new shreds of evidence have shown that leptin is positively related to dyslipidemia [10][11][12] in contrast to adiponectin, which is negatively related to dyslipidemia [13][14][15]. Considering the leptin is considerably increased, and the adiponectin is substantially decreased in obese mice [16].…”

“…The ADRB3 gene is located on the long arm of human chromosome 8 (8p11. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], and it contains two exons and one intron. The Trp64Arg polymorphism (also known as T190C, W64R, and rs4994) is the only function mutation of the ADRB3 gene, located in exon one and caused by substitution from thymine (T) to cytosine (C).…”

Relationship of serum leptin concentration with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism and cholestatic disease in dogs

“…) and gall bladder disease (Lee et al . ,). In our previous study, by examining the expression of leptin and leptin receptor, we confirmed that the canine gall bladder is a leptin‐affected tissue (Lee et al .…”