Associations between recalled use of legal UK youth gambling products and adult disordered gambling

Newall, Philip W. S.; Russell, Alex; Sharman, Stephen; Walasek, Lukasz

doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00048

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the UK sample, 18 of 19 tested associations were statistically significant and in the hypothesized direction. The only non-significant association, for engagement with crane grab machines, replicates a previous non-significant finding (Newall et al, 2020a). This suggests that crane grab machines may have weaker associations with adult gambling compared to other legal youth gambling products.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The one non-significant association for the UK was for H2 for crane grabs; a non-significant association that matches a previous finding (Newall et al, 2020a). For Australia, five of eight tested associations were significant and in the hypothesized direction.…”

Section: Descriptivesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The present research explored associations between recollected usage of legal youth gambling products and adult gambling. The research built on previous research along these lines (Newall et al, 2020a;Newall et al, 2020b) by uniquely recruiting participants irrespective of adult gambling status and across a new country, Australia. The analysis showed that, generally, past year gamblers were more likely to recollect having used, and also recollected using at higher levels, legal youth gambling products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all other products there is no minimum age at which these products can be used, and so the text read: "How often do you recall using category D fruit machines / coin push machines / crane grab machines while being under the age of 18?" The descriptive text for category D fruit machines, the National Lottery, and National Lottery scratchcards were all taken from a previous study (Newall et al, 2020a). Novel descriptive text was created for crane grab and coin push machines, which removed UK-specific elements to the text, and was given to both the UK and Australian samples (to minimize between-sample differences).…”

Section: Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On 3 rd of March 2020 David Zendle stated to a House of Lords Select Committee that, "I am not aware of a single paper on coin pushers, for instance" (Zendle, 2020). However, since then some research has been conducted on legal youth gambling products using samples of UK gamblers, and found generally high levels of recollected usage, which correlated positively with adult problem gambling symptoms (Newall, Russell, Sharman, & Walasek, 2020a;Newall, Russell, Sharman, & Walasek, 2020b). However, this previous research focused only on current adult UK gamblers, and therefore did not provide any information on how these rates of recollected usage might differ in UK adults who do not currently gamble.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Recollected usage of legal youth gambling products: Comparisons between adult gamblers and non-gamblers in the UK and Australia

Newall

Russell

Sharman

et al. 2021

Addictive Behaviors

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The UK is rare in allowing a number of gambling forms to be used legally by children under the age of 18. Some previous research indicates that adult problem gamblers are more likely to recollect using these products as children. However, no research has as yet assessed recollected levels of use irrespective of adult gambling status, or investigated these issues in other countries. This is relevant given that at least two of the tested products, coin push machines and crane grab machines, exist in other countries. The present research involves cross-sectional surveys conducted amongst UK (N=2,010) and Australian adults (N=640), associating recollected legal youth gambling usage with past 12-month gambling, and levels of problem gambling amongst adult gamblers. Adult gamblers recollected using more legal youth gambling products than non-gamblers. For example, 66.6% of UK gamblers reported legally buying National Lottery tickets aged 16-17, compared to 20.9% of UK nongamblers; 60.8% of Australian gamblers reported using coin push machines as a child, compared to 48.6% of Australian non-gamblers. Overall, 18 of 19 tested associations were significant and in the hypothesized direction for the UK sample, compared to five of eight for the Australian sample. The legal provision of gambling to children is a topic for further international research and policy consideration.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Descriptivesupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Recollected usage of legal youth gambling products: Comparisons between adult gamblers and non-gamblers in the UK and Australia

Newall

Russell

Sharman

et al. 2021

Addictive Behaviors

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Childhood Use of Coin Pusher and Crane Grab Machines, and Adult Gambling: Robustness to Subjective Confidence in a Young Adult USA Sample

Bastiani,

Russell,

Newall

2023

J Gambl Stud

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Gambling as a youth is a risk factor for experiencing gambling-related harm as an adult. Most youth gambling research focuses on illegal engagement with age-restricted products, but youth can also gamble legally, by for example betting with friends, or via coin pusher and crane grab machines. Research has associated recollected rates of usage of these machines as a child with adult gambling participation and problems, but only in the UK and Australia, and has not tested for robustness to subjective confidence. The present study conceptually replicated these prior studies by investigating the association between recollected childhood use of coin push and crane grab machines, and adult gambling behavior, in a young adult USA sample. Participants rated their subjective confidence to test if individual differences in recollection biases provided a better account for any observed associations. Results found high recollected engagement rates for both coin pusher (87.2%) and crane grab machines (97.0%), and 5 of the 6 tested associations between youth machine usage and adult gambling engagement and problems were significant and in the hypothesized direction. Rates of subjective confidence were on average high (83.3 and 89.2 on a 0 to 100 scale), and generally did not interact with participants’ recollected rates of machine use. These findings extend prior research on potential public health concerns around children’s legal engagement with coin pusher and crane grab machines to a new country, the USA.

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No effect of short term exposure to gambling like reward systems on post game risk taking

D’Amico

Drummond

Salas

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Is engaging with gambling-like video game rewards a risk factor for future gambling? Despite speculation, there are no direct experimental tests of this “gateway hypothesis”. We test a mechanism that might support this pathway: the effects of engaging with gambling-like reward mechanisms on risk-taking. We tested the hypothesis that players exposed to gambling-like rewards (i.e., randomised rewards delivered via a loot box) would show increased risk-taking compared to players in fixed and no reward control conditions. 153 participants (Mage = 25) completed twenty minutes of gameplay—including exposure to one of the three reward conditions—before completing a gamified, online version of the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Self-reports of gambling and loot box engagement were collected via the Problem Gambling Severity Index, and Risky Loot-Box Index. Bayesian t-tests comparing BART scores across reward conditions provided moderate to strong evidence for a null effect of condition on risk-taking (BF = 4.05–10.64). Null effects were not moderated by players’ problem gambling symptomatology. A Spearman correlation between past loot box engagement and self-reported gambling severity (rs = 0.35) aligned with existing literature. Our data speak against a “gateway” hypothesis, but add support to the notion that problem gambling symptoms might make players vulnerable to overspending on loot boxes.

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Associations between recalled use of legal UK youth gambling products and adult disordered gambling

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Recollected usage of legal youth gambling products: Comparisons between adult gamblers and non-gamblers in the UK and Australia

Recollected usage of legal youth gambling products: Comparisons between adult gamblers and non-gamblers in the UK and Australia

Childhood Use of Coin Pusher and Crane Grab Machines, and Adult Gambling: Robustness to Subjective Confidence in a Young Adult USA Sample

No effect of short term exposure to gambling like reward systems on post game risk taking

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