Associations between potential causal factors and colorectal cancer risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of Mendelian randomization studies

Abstract

To summarize the associations between potential causal factors and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk based on existing Mendelian randomization studies.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis involved a literature search in Embase and Medline. All published articles using Mendelian randomization to explore potential causal factors of CRC were included. Studies that reported Mendelian randomization estimates of standard deviation changes in exposures were included in the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses based on sex and anatomical sites were performed.Results: One hundred and ninety studies presented in 51 articles were included in systematic review, and 114 studies conducted in 32 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Adult body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio, body height, body fat percentage, arm fat ratio, childhood obesity, lifetime cigarette consumption, short sleep, coffee consumption, and blood levels of vitamin B 12 , arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 were positively associated with CRC risk. Conversely, acceleration-vector-magnitude physical activity, milk consumption, and blood levels of adiponectin, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, interleukin-6 receptor subunit-α, and tumor necrosis factor were inversely associated with CRC risk.Conclusions: Most obesity-related anthropometric characteristics, several unhealthy lifestyles, and blood levels of some micronutrients, fatty acids, and diabetes-related biomarkers were positively associated with CRC risk. In contrast, some lifestyles and blood levels of some fatty acids and inflammatory biomarkers were inversely associated with CRC risk. Future studies with more valid genetic variants are needed for factors with discrepancies between Mendelian randomization and epidemiological studies.

The Relationship between Serum Adiponectin, Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio and Type 2 Diabetes: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

“…Therefore, consideration of the extent of kidney damage or, specifically, the use of the Adipo/uACR ratio, may assist in the understanding of this phenomenon in the future. Furthermore, the relationships between serum adiponectin concentration and other medical conditions reported to be associated with serum adiponectin concentrations, such as cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, cognitive impairment and so on [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ], may also be reappraised in this light.…”

“…Although the biological functions of adiponectin vary substantially, adiponectin is known to have beneficial metabolic functions, such as insulin-sensitizing, anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory properties, and so on [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Therefore, various studies were conducted on the relationship between serum adiponectin concentrations and various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and cognitive dysfunction, but with conflicting results [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. We hypothesized that a factor influencing this conflicting relationship might be differences in kidney function.…”

The state of knowledge of people up to 40 years of age on risk factors and prevention of colorectal cancer

“…W patogenezie raka jelita grubego istotne znaczenie mają predyspozycje genetyczne oraz czynniki środowiskowe związane zwłaszcza z nawykami dietetycznymi [7]. Do podstawowych czynników ryzyka możemy zaliczyć: polipy gruczołowe jelita grubego, wiek ponad 50 lat, choroby zapalne jelita grubego, występowanie w rodzinie nowotworu jelita grubego, choroby metaboliczne (np.…”

Systematic Metabolic Profiling of Mice with Sleep‐Deprivation

“…Palmitoleic acid is negatively associated with colorectal cancer risk. [65] Oleic acid has the highest content of fatty acids in human adipose tissue, which has a good sedative and hypnotic effect. [66] It also has a protective effect on colorectal cancer.…”