Associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and sedentary behaviours among Canadian men and women: findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project

Nichani, Vikram; Turley, Liam; Vena, Jennifer E.; McCormack, Gavin R.

doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106663

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…Our measure of sitting captured overall sitting across different contexts (i.e., work, home, and during leisure) yet neighbourhood street integration still emerged as a significant correlate. Walkability indices that have included indicators of street connectivity have also found positive associations with sitting time [ 13 – 15 ], although these studies did not statistically control for physical activity. Our findings suggest the positive associations between street integration and sitting time is independent of walking and therefore may result from a mechanism that does not involve walking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to supporting physical activity, a few studies have found higher street connectivity associated with less time spent sitting [ 11 , 12 ] and travelling in motor vehicles [ 7 ]. Previously, our team found street connectivity (i.e., the density of 3-way and 4-way intersections within 400m of home) and walkability to be negatively associated with time spent travelling in motor vehicles, however, the density of 3-way intersections (but not 4-way intersections) and walkability were also positively associated with sitting time [ 13 ]. Others have also found counter-intuitive findings whereby higher walkability was associated with more sitting [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations between neighbourhood street connectivity and sedentary behaviours in Canadian adults: Findings from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

et al. 2022

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Evidence suggests that neighbourhood street connectivity is positively associated with physical activity, yet few studies have estimated its associations with sedentary behaviour. We estimated the associations between space syntax derived street integration, a novel measure of street connectivity, and sedentary behaviours among Canadian adults. Data were sourced from a population-based study–Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (n = 14,758). Items from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire captured sedentary behaviour, including sitting and motor vehicle travel time and walking. Street integration was measured within a 1600m radius of participants’ homes. Covariate-adjusted linear regression models estimated the associations between street integration and sedentary behaviour. Street integration was significantly positively associated with daily minutes of sitting on week (b 6.44; 95CI 3.60, 9.29) and weekend (b 4.39; 95CI 1.81, 6.96) days, and for week and weekend days combined (b 5.86; 95CI 3.30, 8.41) and negatively associated with daily minutes of motor vehicle travel (b -3.72; 95CI -3.86, -1.55). These associations remained significant after further adjustment for daily walking participation and duration. More research is needed to understand the pathways by which street integration positively and or negatively affects sedentary behaviour.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between neighbourhood street connectivity and sedentary behaviours in Canadian adults: Findings from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

et al. 2022

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“…The walkability index used in our analysis has been described elsewhere ( 39 ). We geocoded all Alberta 6-digit urban postal codes for 2008–2015 ( n = 77,602–84,115) to create points.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between neighborhood walkability and walking following residential relocation: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project

McCormack

Koohsari²,

Vena³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionCross-sectional studies consistently find that the neighborhood built environment (e.g., walkability) is associated with walking. However, findings from the few existing longitudinal residential relocation studies that have estimated associations between changes in neighborhood built characteristics and walking are equivocal. The study objective was to estimate whether changes in neighborhood walkability resulting from residential relocation were associated with leisure, transportation, and total walking levels among adults.MethodsThis study included longitudinal data from the “Alberta's Tomorrow Project”—a province-wide cohort study (Alberta, Canada). The analysis included data collected at two time points (i.e., baseline and follow-up) from 5,977 urban adults. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) captured self-reported walking. We estimated neighborhood walkability, an index capturing intersection, destination, and population counts for the 400 m Euclidean buffer around participants' homes. Using household postal codes reported at baseline and follow-up, we categorized participants into three groups reflecting residential relocation (“non-movers:” n = 5,679; “movers to less walkability:” n = 164, and; “movers to more walkability:” n = 134). We used Inverse-Probability-Weighted Regression Adjustment to estimate differences [i.e., average treatment effects in the treated (ATET)] in weekly minutes of leisure, transportation, and total walking at follow-up between residential relocation groups, adjusting for baseline walking, sociodemographic characteristics, and walkability. The median time between baseline and follow-up was 2-years.ResultsThe three residential relocation groups mainly included women (61.6–67.2%) and had a mean age of between 52.2 and 55.7 years. Compared to “non-movers” (reference group), weekly minutes of transportation walking at follow-up was significantly lower among adults who moved to less walkable neighborhoods (ATET: −41.34, 95 CI: −68.30, −14.39; p < 0.01). We found no other statistically significant differences in walking between the groups.DiscussionOur findings suggest that relocating to less walkable neighborhoods could have detrimental effects on transportation walking to the extent of adversely affecting health. Public health strategies that counteract the negative impacts of low walkable neighborhoods and leverage the supportiveness of high walkable neighborhoods might promote more walking.

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“…Other studies focus on the correlation between walkability and prevalence of diseases or health complications, such as cancer [72,73], hypertension [30,74], cardiovascular problems [29,75,76], diabetes [32] and dementia [31]. Other topics addressed under this subject include sedentarism [77][78][79] and overall well-being [80].…”

Section: Citation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Walkability Indicators in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Jardim

Neto

2022

Sustainability

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Walkability indicators are a pivotal method to evaluate the role of the built environment in people’s decisions regarding active mobility, contributing to help promote more sustainable and equitable regions. Currently, there is a lack of literature describing the trends and findings from recent studies, and how research on this topic has responded to COVID-19. In this work, we apply the PRISMA methodology to perform a systematic literature review of studies that employed walkability indicators to uncover associations between walkability and different topics, such as physical activity, health and mobility, in the aftermath of the pandemic. Results show that the growth rate of studies in this period almost doubled compared to the three years prior to the outbreak. We explore the main subjects addressed in recent literature and found that most studies resorted to well-known indicators, predominantly to Walk Score®, while fewer works developed and applied new indicators. General findings point to a positive association between walkability and physical activity, overall health and active mobility. Moreover, in recent works, walkability’s relationship with environmental metrics is not clear and there is a lack of studies linking walkability indicators to COVID-19. More than two years after the worldwide outbreak of the COVID-19 virus, our work provides an effective resource for researchers to understand recent trends in studies employing walkability indicators.

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Associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and sedentary behaviours among Canadian men and women: findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project

Cited by 6 publications

References 66 publications

Associations between neighbourhood street connectivity and sedentary behaviours in Canadian adults: Findings from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

Associations between neighbourhood street connectivity and sedentary behaviours in Canadian adults: Findings from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project

Associations between neighborhood walkability and walking following residential relocation: Findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project

Walkability Indicators in the Aftermath of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

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