Associations Between Near Work, Outdoor Activity, and Myopia Among Adolescent Students in Rural China

Lu, Bei

doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.105

Cited by 133 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Similarly, some previous studies among Chinese children also showed that there was no significant association or weak association between outdoor activity and myopia. 7,[37][38][39] The different results may be related to 40,41 Consistent with previous findings showing that parental myopia was significantly related to myopia, and illustrating an increased risk of myopia in children with increasing numbers of myopic parents, 13,17,24,28 the current study demonstrated that there was a trend for higher myopia prevalence among children with a parental myopia history. Both male and female students with one myopic parent or two myopic parents were at a higher risk of myopia than those without myopic parents.…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou

Guo

Yang

Mai

et al. 2016

Eye

110

104

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Purpose To estimate the prevalence of myopia among primary and middle schoolaged students in Guangzhou and to explore the potentially contributing factors to myopia. Methods This cross-sectional study was based on a sample of students in grades 1-6 and grades 7-9. Data were collected from refractive error measurements and a structured questionnaire. Results A total of 3055 participants were involved in this analysis, and the overall prevalence of myopia was 47.4% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 45.6-49.2%). The prevalence of myopia in students increased along with the growth of grade level; the prevalence of myopia in students in grade 1 was only 0.2%, as it increased to 38.8% in students in grade 3, and the rate was the highest (68.4%) in students in grade 9. Girls were at a higher risk of myopia than boys (adjusted odds ratio = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.04-1.44). Both male and female students whose distance of reading was longer than 25 cm were less likely to have myopia and who have one or two myopic parents were at a higher risk of myopia. In addition, reading for pleasure more than 2 h per day (adjusted odds ratio = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.09-3.12) was only positively associated with myopia in boys and spending time watching television per week was only positively associated with myopia in girls. Conclusion Myopia in students is a significant public health problem in Guangzhou. Female gender, higher grade, longer time spent for near work, shorter distance of near work, and parental myopia were shown to be associated with the increasing risk of myopia in children.

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supporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou

Guo

Yang

Mai

et al. 2016

Eye

110

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…60 Near work was also shown not to be associated with myopia in several other studies. 61,62 In a 5-year follow-up longitudinal study on 1318 children aged 6-14 years, hours per week spent reading or using a computer did not differ between the groups before myopia onset. Studying and TV watching were also not significantly different before myopia onset.…”

Section: Near Workmentioning

confidence: 95%

Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia

Pan

Ramamurthy

Saw

2011

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

715

569

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Background: Myopia, the most common type of refractive error, is a complex trait including both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the aetiology of myopia. However, the exact aetiology of myopia is still unclear. Purpose: To summarize the worldwide patterns and trends for the prevalence of myopia and to evaluate the risk factors for myopia in population-based studies. Recent findings: The prevalences of myopia vary across populations of different regions and ethnicities. In population-based studies on children, the prevalence of myopia has been reported to be higher in urban areas and Chinese ethnicity. The regional and racial difference is not so obvious in adult populations aged over 40 years. More time spent on near work, less time outdoors, higher educational level and parental history of myopia have been reported to increase the risk of myopia. Conclusions: Environmental factors play a crucial role in myopia development. The effect of gene-environment interaction on the aetiology of myopia is still controversial with inconsistent findings in different studies. A relatively hyperopic periphery can stimulate compensating eye growth in the centre. Longitudinal cohort studies or randomized clinical trials of community-based health behaviour interventions should be conducted to further clarify the aetiology of myopia.

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“…In some of the report it is mentioned that near work lead to myopia progression but certain studies also shows that myopia progress not only due to near work but also having association with intensity and duration of work. [7,8,9,10,11,12] Accommodation convergence have been suggested as the reasons sons for the development of myopia. If accommodation played a significant role in myopic progression .…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%