Associations between lipid profiles of adolescents and their mothers based on a nationwide health and nutrition survey in South Korea

Abstract

ObjectivesDyslipidaemia is a metabolic disease influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Especially, family history related to genetic background is a strong risk factor of lipid abnormality. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the lipid profiles of adolescents and their mothers.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe data were derived from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (IV-VI) between 2009 and 2015.Participants2884 adolescents aged 12–18 years and their mothers were included.Primary outcome measuresOutcome variables were adolescents’ lipid levels. Mothers’ lipid levels were the interesting variables. The lipid profiles included total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We identified partial correlation coefficients (r) between the lipids. Multiple linear regressions were performed to identify the amount of change in adolescents’ lipid levels for each unit increase of their mothers’ lipids. The regression models included various clinical characteristics and health behavioural factors of both adolescents and mothers.ResultsThe mean levels of adolescents’ lipids were 156.6, 83.6, 50.4 and 89.4 mg/dL, respectively for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C. Positive correlations between lipid levels of adolescents and mothers were observed for TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (r,95% CI: 0.271, 0.236 to 0.304; 0.204, 0.169 to 0.239; 0.289, 0.255 to 0.322; and 0.286, 0.252 to 0.319). The adolescent TC level was increased by 0.23 mg/dL for each unit increase of the mother’s TC (SE, 0.02; p<0.001). The beta coefficients were 0.16 (SE, 0.01), 0.24 (SE, 0.02) and 0.24 (SE, 0.02), respectively, in each model of TG, HDL-C and LDL-C (all p<0.001). The linear relationships were significant regardless of sex and mother’s characteristics.ConclusionsMothers’ lipid levels are associated with adolescents’ lipids; therefore, they can serve as a reference for the screening of adolescent’s dyslipidaemia.

Association of WISP1/CCN4 with Risk of Overweight and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Pregnant Women

“…Of note, WISP1 expression correlated negatively and independently with circulating HDL-C levels, suggesting that WISP1 may be a useful marker for lipid transport and metabolism. HDL-C is the major component of metabolic syndrome [40] and cardiovascular risk prediction, which is inversely associated with risks of coronary heart disease [41]. Moreover, our study found that WISP1 was positively correlated with CRP (r = 0:135, P = 0:017), indicating its correlation with inflammatory state.…”

Factors Affecting Dyslipidemia among Korean Adolescents: An Analysis Using the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2021)

“…According to previous research, those who take hyperlipidemia and hypertension drugs that can affect serum lipid concentration fall under the exclusion criteria of [10], but none of the subjects in this study took these drugs. In addition, the long-term use of steroids and various accompanying diseases such as hypothyroidism, Cushing disease, liver disease, and renal syndrome can affect lipid levels, but these diseases rarely occur in children and adolescents [8] and none of the subjects in this study had thyroid disease, liver cancer, or kidney disease.…”

“…Unfortunately, the number of samples corresponding to the 'yes' of the mother's diagnosis of hyperlipidemia was very small, so there was a limit to conducting an analysis to find that the variable was a significant influence factor of dyslipidemia. According to research related to family history, the odds ratio for dyslipidemia is significant at 1.868 in the group with a family history compared to the group without a family history of chronic diseases [49], and for every 1 unit increase in the mother's TC, the adolescent's TC increased by 0.23 mg/dL [8]. Therefore, it is necessary to find out in detail the relationship between the family history of the disease and adolescent dyslipidemia by securing the number of study subjects in family-history-related variables.…”

“…According to the 2017 Korean clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia in children and adolescents based on the guidelines of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHBLI) in the US, dyslipidemia in adolescents is defined as at least one of a total cholesterol (TC) of 200 mg/dL or higher, triglyceride (TG) of 130 mg/dL or higher (10-19 years), lowdensity lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) of 130 mg/dL or higher, high-density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) of 40 mg/dL or lower, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) of 145 mg/dL or higher [5,6]. Obesity [7], short stature [2], and maternal lipid levels [8] were reported as factors related to dyslipidemia in children and adolescents, and hyperuricemia [9] was reported as a factor related to dyslipidemia in adults. The TG/HDL-C ratio and the TC/HDL-C ratio are highly predictive indicators of metabolic syndrome in adolescents [10], and the TG/HDL-C ratio is an indicator of insulin resistance, and related to cardiovascular mortality [11].…”