Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Iron Overload in Korean Adults

Kim, Hyungjo; Shin, Chol; Baik, Inkyung

doi:10.7762/cnr.2016.5.4.270

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several studies have observed that some lifestyles, especially toxic habits, may alter iron status [23,59]. We noted that SF concentration was higher in participants who reported frequent alcohol consumption, which is consistent with previous results [61], although this association was not significant after adjusting for potential confounders.…”

Section: Diet and Lifestylesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We noted that SF concentration was higher in participants who reported frequent alcohol consumption, which is consistent with previous results [61], although this association was not significant after adjusting for potential confounders. In addition, we found a positive association between each daily 10-gram increase of alcohol and SF levels and the risk of excess iron, though only in males; this association has been reported before [62,63] and recently reinforced [23,24,64].…”

Section: Diet and Lifestylesupporting

confidence: 67%

“…It is well known that average SF concentrations are higher in males than females and also that iron stores increase with age [22]. Unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption also lead to increased SF levels [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors associated with serum ferritin levels and iron excess: results from the EPIC-EurGast study

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Excess iron is involved in the development of non-communicable diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. We aimed to describe the prevalence of excess iron and its determinants in healthy European adults.Methods: Sociodemographic, lifestyle, iron status, dietary information, and HFE genotyping were obtained from controls from the nested case control study EPIC-EurGast study. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured to address possible systemic inflammation. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were used to assess iron status and its determinants.Results: Out of the 828 participants (median age: 58.7 years), 43% were females. Median serum ferritin and prevalence of excess iron were 143.7µg/L and 35.2% in males, respectively, and 77µg/L and 20% in females, both increasing with latitude across Europe. Prevalence of HFE C282Y mutation was significantly higher in Northern and Central Europe (~11%) than in the South (5%). Overweight/obesity, age, and daily alcohol and heme iron intake were independent determinants for iron status, with sex differences, even after excluding participants with hsCRP>5mg/L. Obese males showed a greater consumption of alcohol, total and red meat, and heme iron, compared with those normal weight. Conclusion:Obesity, higher alcohol and heme iron consumption were the main risk factors for excess iron in males while only age was associated with iron overload in females. Weight control and promoting healthy lifestyle may help prevent iron overload, especially in obese people. Further research is needed to clarify determinants of excess iron in the healthy adult population, helping to reduce the associated comorbidities.

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Section: Diet and Lifestylesupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Diet and Lifestylesupporting

confidence: 67%

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Factors associated with serum ferritin levels and iron excess: results from the EPIC-EurGast study

et al. 2021

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“…Iron dysregulation is common in obesity [46], chronic liver disease [47], chronic kidney disease [48], and many cancers [49]. Heavy alcohol usage and smoking cigarettes can worsen iron excess in the body [50].…”

Section: Iron Dysregulation and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Immunopathology, Particle Pollution, and Iron Balance

Whiteside

Herndon²

2020

JAMMR

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The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic exploded into a world already reeling from climate change, degradation of natural systems, and pandemics of air pollution and noncommunicable diseases. These pandemics are interrelated; air pollution, the world’s biggest killer, is a major contributor to noncommunicable disease. Air pollution is a probable cofactor in the spread and severity of COVID-19. There are shared mechanisms of injury by the emerging COVID-19 immunopathology, ultrafine air pollutants, and chronic degenerative disease. A key feature of each is oxidative stress, including that caused by iron dysregulation. Exogenous combustion-derived magnetite nanoparticles found in human brains and hearts are strongly implicated in the development of cardiometabolic and neurogenerative disease. Altered iron balance favoring excess reactive or misplaced iron is probably the most important predisposing condition for severe COVID-19 infection. Ultrafine-particle/nanoparticle toxicity and COVID-19 immunopathology on the subcellular level are both characterized by iron dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Primary sources of the most damaging ultrafine pollution particles are fossil fuel combustion, vehicle emissions, and coal fly ash utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. The same ultrafine particles when emitted or placed into the troposphere alter the world’s cloud layers and reduce atmospheric convection, directly contributing to climate change and global warming. Pandemics can only be tackled by international cooperation. Immediate steps that must be taken include monitoring and control of ultrafine particulate air pollution, and prompt cessation of geoengineering operations.

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“…Both heavy alcohol and smoking cigarettes can worsen iron accumulation in the body [112]. Heavy alcohol use is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and excessive alcohol is the third leading cause of premature death (after smoking and obesity) in the U.S. [113].…”

Section: Iron and Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

Whiteside¹,

Herndon²

2019

JAMMR

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Globally, air pollution is the leading environmental cause of human disease and death, and it is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease. Air pollution damages the cardiovascular system by oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and pro-thrombotic changes. Ultrafine particulate matter from the combustion of fossil fuels delivers the most potent and harmful elements of air pollution. Coal fly ash is a rich source of nano-sized metal, iron oxide, and carbonaceous particles. Previous findings revealed that coal fly ash is widely utilized in undisclosed tropospheric aerosol geoengineering. Proper iron balance is central to human health and disease, and the harmful effects of iron are normally prevented by tightly controlled processes of systemic and cellular iron homeostasis. Altered iron balance is linked to the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The iron-heart hypothesis is supported by epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies. Biogenic magnetite (Fe3O4) serves essential life functions, but iron oxide nanoparticles from anthropogenic sources cause disease. The recent finding of countless combustion-type magnetic nanoparticles in damaged hearts of persons from highly polluted areas is definitive evidence of the connection between the iron oxide fraction of air pollution and cardiovascular disease. Spherical magnetic iron oxide particles found in coal fly ash and certain vehicle emissions match the exogenous iron pollution particles found in the human heart. Iron oxide nanoparticles cross the placenta and may act as seed material for future cardiovascular disease. The pandemic of non-communicable diseases like cardiovascular disease and also rapid global warming can be alleviated by drastically reducing nanoparticulate air pollution. It is crucial to halt tropospheric aerosol geoengineering, and to curb fine particulate emissions from industrial and traffic sources to avoid further gross contamination of the human race by iron oxide-type nanoparticles.

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Associations between Lifestyle Factors and Iron Overload in Korean Adults

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Factors associated with serum ferritin levels and iron excess: results from the EPIC-EurGast study

Factors associated with serum ferritin levels and iron excess: results from the EPIC-EurGast study

COVID-19 Immunopathology, Particle Pollution, and Iron Balance

Geoengineering, Coal Fly Ash and the New Heart-Iron Connection: Universal Exposure to Iron Oxide Nanoparticulates

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