Associations Between Khat Use and HIV Risk and Status Among Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center Clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Berhanu, Della; Diener‐West, Marie; Ruff, Andrea; Davis, Wendy; Celentano, David D.; Go, Vivian F.

doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000304

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The use of substance is associated with various health risks. For instance, a study showed that the use of substance is associated with HIV infection and risky sexual behaviors [35]. Additionally, studies revealed that the use of substances poses high risk-taking behaviors among students, which results in economic, social, physical, and health complications [26–34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe use of substances is a growing concern in Ethiopia, and their impacts on younger generation have been a concern of different professionals. Even though students are at high-risk of substance abuse, there is lack of comprehensive evidence for policy decision on substance use among students. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of common substances among students in Ethiopia.MethodA comprehensive literature searches were done from biomedical databases: PubMed/Medline, African Journal Online, HINARI, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for article published until Dcember 31, 2017, and Addis Ababa Uiversity’s electronic library search of unpublished thesis and dissertations. Two authors autonomously selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated quality of studies. The prevalence of lifetime substances use was estimated using the random effects model. Q and I2 statistics were computed to measure the extents of heterogeneity.ResultsA total 676 study articles were identified from electronic databases, and 28 of them were included in meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that the lifetime prevalence of any substance use was 52.5% (95% CI 42.4–62.4%), khat 24.7% (95% CI 21.8–27.7%), alcohol 46.2% (95% CI 40.3–52.2%), and smoking cigarette 14.7% (95% CI 11.3–18.5%). Significant heterogeneity was observed but there was no significant publication bias. The lifetime prevalence of khat, alcohol, and cigarette smoking among high school vs university students was 22.5% (95% CI 15.2–30.7%) vs 25.1% (95% CI 21.9–28.5%), 41.4% (95% CI 22.1–62.1%) vs 47.8% (95% CI 39.9–55.7%), and 21.5% (95% CI 12.6–32.1%) vs 12.9% (95% CI 10.1–16.0%), respectively.ConclusionThis meta-analysis highlighted the extent of lifetime prevalence of any substance, khat, alcohol, and cigarettes smoking among students in Ethiopia. Significant percent of high school students have exposed to substances. Policy makers should devise and implement strictly binding regulation to curb widespread of substances around educational institution premises at national level. Priority should be given to intervention strategies that help delay first use of substance to prevent problems later in life. Besides, the problem warrants regular national-level educational institutions based studies focusing on the magnitude, trajectory, and consequences of substance use among students.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42018082635

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2019

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“…Miraa use has been associated with being male, Muslim, and having multiple sexual partners, [4][5][6][7][8]. Miraa has been reported to have lots of mental health effects on humans that include inducing psychotic symptoms, depression, dependence increase sleep and negative mood disturbances, higher levels of distress to likely induce memory deficits, and cognitive flexibility, " [9][10][11][12][13][14]".…”

Section: Effects Of Miraamentioning

confidence: 99%

Miraa Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, Nairobi Kenya

Nyavanga¹

2018

EJPM

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Eastleigh is a suburb in Nairobi inhabited predominantly by Somalis and known for a number of activates that includes businesses, stop over of youth people from the western world on their way to Somalia or to learn the culture and get spouses. Miraa use has been associated with the Somali community. The area of study was chosen as Section 1 from the four Sections that approximately hold 9408 households. 270 households were selected with at least one youth aged between 18-25 years of age. We gave our own developed questionnaire that asked about demographic characteristics and patterns of miraa use to consenting participants. Descriptive analysis was done based on the demographic characteristics. We found that miraa use was high (47.9%) and was more prevalent among the males, those with lower educational level, the single (including the divorced and separated) and those born out of Eastleigh. We also found that miraa use was more prevalent among those whose parents were not married, living alone, with friends, relatives, parents and relatives, the unemployed, those running businesses, the self-employed and those whose families had lower income. Miraa onset was more likely at 18 years or below and was used with other psychoactive substances that include amphetamines, cannabis, heroin, cocaine, shisha, tobacco products and alcoholic beverages. A larger study should be done in this area that includes all the other sections as well. This study advises on targeting prevention of miraa use to youth younger than 18 years.

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“…The abundant body of evidence showed that the use of substances is linked to various health risks and poor academic performance among students. For example, studies revealed that the use of substances is associated with sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviors [24], suicidal attempts [25], and risk-taking behaviors resulting in economic, social, physical, and health complications [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Additionally, a few studies also revealed the use of substance related to social withdrawal, poor academic performance, and increased the risk of concurrent lifetime use of substances among university students [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Substances Use Among Students in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 20-years Evidence

Roba

Gebremichael

Adem

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The use of psychoactive substances is the main cause of morbidity and becomes important public health and socio-economic issue worldwide. However, there is a lack of evidence on the magnitude of current use substances among students in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis aimed to provide comprehensive views of the current prevalence of substance use among students in Ethiopia.Methods: Literature searches were done from electronic biomedical databases; PubMed/Medline, HINARI, AJOL, Google Scholar, Science Direct and manully seared master thesis and dissertation done until 31/12/2019. Two authors autonomously selected studies, extracted data, and evaluated the quality of studies. The prevalence of current substances with 95% confidence interval (95%) estimated using the random-effects model. The results were displayed using forest plots, and Cochrane Q-test and I2 use to measure the extents of between-study variations.Results: A total of 1543 study articles were identified from electronic databases, and 32 of them were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of current use of at least one substance was 37.63% (95% CI: 33.66, 41.69; I2=91.2%, P<0.00), alcohol 27.61% (95%CI: 22.10, 33.48; I2=98.08%, P<0.00), khat 17.20% (95%CI: 14.03, 20.62; I2=97.2%, p<0.00) and smoking 9.74% (95%CI: 7.17, 12.64; I2=95.06%, P<0.00). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prevalence of any substance by high school students versus university/college students was 41.55% (95% CI: 38.83, 44.29) vs 36.24% (95% CI: 32.37, 40.20), alcohol 24.21% (95% CI: 14.05, 36.11) vs 25.27% (95% CI: 19.76, 31.20), khat 13.82% (95% CI: 8.61, 20.02) vs 17.30% (95%CI:13.75, 21.16), and cigarette 8.30% (95% CI: 1.89, 18.60) vs 9.80% (95% CI: 7.32, 12.58). Meta-regression analysis revealed publication year, sample size, female proportion, and age was not significantly associated with the current use of substances.Conclusion: The prevalence of the current use of substances was high and highlights the extent the problem among students in Ethiopia. Overall currrent substance use was high for all substances use categories; any substance, alcohol, chewing khat and smoking cigarettes. Comparable to university/college students a significant propoartion of high school students were already using susbstances before joining teritiary education. Caution is needed while interpreting the findings due to significant heterogeneity between studies. Policymakers should formulate and implement strictly binding regulations to control the pervasive use of substances around educational institution sites at the national level. Protocol registration: The protocol has been registered on 19 Auguest 2019 on PROSPERO (the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) with ID: CDR42019130560.

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Associations Between Khat Use and HIV Risk and Status Among Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center Clients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Prevalence of lifetime substances use among students in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Miraa Use Among Somali Youth Living in Eastleigh, Nairobi Kenya

Current Substances Use Among Students in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 20-years Evidence

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