Associations Between Household Socioeconomic Status, Car Ownership, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in South African Primary Schoolchildren Living in Marginalized Communities

Gerber, Markus; Lang, Christin; Beckmann, Johanna; Degen, Jan; Randt, Rosa du; Gall, Stefanie; Long, Kurt Z.; Müller, Ivan; Nienaber, Madeleine; Steinmann, Peter; Pühse, Uwe; Utzinger, Jürg; Nqweniso, Siphesihle; Walter, Cheryl

doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0839

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The result suggests that children from low socioeconomic background participate in activities that promotes active lifestyles. In a study by Gerber et al among the marginalised black communities of South Africa, they found that children of the lowest SES accumulated higher levels of device-based moderate to vigorous PA, and that peers from the highest SES engaged in more sedentary behaviours [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour of Primary School Learners in Lagos State, Nigeria

Ojedoyin

Olagbegi

Nadasan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) assessment in children is critical for the prevention of noncommunicable diseases. African studies examining PA and SB of primary school-age children are few. This study investigated PA, SB levels and their correlates among primary school children in Lagos, Nigeria. Method: In a cross-sectional study of 733 learners, their self-reported PA and SB were assessed using the Children PA Questionnaire (CPAQ) (6–9 years age category) and Youth Activity Profile (YAP) (10–12 years age category) while pedometers were used for objective PA and SB assessment, and socioeconomic status (SES) index were measured using a structured questionnaire. Standardised procedures were used for anthropometric and cardiovascular measures. Results Based on CPAQ, 87.5% and 100% of the learners aged 6–9 years met the recommended PA and SB guidelines, respectively which were lower with pedometers (72.8% and 87.3%). The proportion of boys aged 6–9 years who met the guidelines for PA and SB (using pedometer) was significantly higher than that of the girls(PA: 80.7% vs. 64%, p = 0.018; SB: 94% vs. 80%, p = 0.008). Self-reported PA was positively associated with age (CPAQ: B = 455.39, p < 0.001; YAP: B = 1.638, p = 0.009) and negatively with SES (CPAQ: B = −201.39, p < 0.001; YAP: B = −1.000, p < 0.001). Objective PA was positively associated with waist to hip ratio(WHR) (6–9 years: B = 66090.24, p = 0.032) and negatively with sex (6–9 years: B = −5533.41, p = 0.027) and hip circumference (10–12 years: B = −1269.13, p = 0.017). SB was associated with SES in learners aged 10–12 years (B = −0.282, p = 0.003).Conclusion: High SES is a major predictor of reduced PA among these cohort of learners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour of Primary School Learners in Lagos State, Nigeria

Ojedoyin

Olagbegi

Nadasan

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…SES was determined by calculating a wealth index generated through a PCA, with higher scores reflecting higher SES. Details about the wealth index calculation have been described elsewhere (24). All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS Version 27 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) for Windows.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…number of bedrooms, people per household). The items included and exact scoring to estimate SES have been described elsewhere (24). Items possessed by >95% or <5% of the sample were excluded, with the remaining items used to generate a wealth index via principal component analysis (PCA).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Status (Ses)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of soil-transmitted helminth infections on physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk in primary schoolchildren in Gqeberha, South Africa

Nqweniso

Walter

Randt

et al. 2023

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Background/Aim: School-aged children in low- and middle-income countries carry the highest burden of intestinal helminth infections, such as soil-transmitted helminths (STH). STH infections have been associated with negative consequences for child physical and cognitive development and wellbeing. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the association of STH infections in schoolchildren from Gqeberha, focusing on physical activity, physical fitness, and clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 680 schoolchildren (356 girls and 324 boys; mean age 8.19 years, SD 1.4) from disadvantaged communities in Gqeberha (formerly, Port Elizabeth), South Africa. Stool samples were collected and examined for STH infections using the Kato-Katz method. Physical activity (accelerometer) and physical fitness (grip strength, 20 m shuttle run) were measured using standard procedures. Furthermore, anthropometry, blood pressure, as well as glycated haemoglobin and lipid profile from capillary blood samples were assessed. We employed one-way ANOVAs to identify the associations of STH infections in terms of species and infection intensity with physical activity, physical fitness, and clustered CVD risk score. Results: We found a low STH infection prevalence (7.2%) in our study, with participants infected with at least one intestinal helminth species. In comparison to their non-infected peers, children infected with STH had lower mean grip strength scores, but higher mean VO2max estimation and higher levels of MVPA (p<.001). When considering type and intensity of infection, a positive association of A. lumbricoides infection and MVPA was found. In contrast, light T. trichiura-infected children had significantly lower grip strength scores compared to non-infected children. VO2max and MVPA were positively associated with light T. trichiura infection. No significant association between the clustered CVD risk score and infection with any STH species was evident. Conclusions: STH-infected children had lower grip strength scores than their non-infected peers, yet, achieved higher VO2max and MVPA scores. Our study highlights that the type and intensity of STH infection is relevant in understanding the disease burden of STH infections on childrens health. The findings of our study must be interpreted cautiously due to the low infection rate, and more research is needed in samples with higher prevalence rates or case-control designs.

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“…All schools (quintile 3 schools) were located in peri-urban, marginalized communities. Results from this study have been published previously [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. However, the objectives articulated above have yet to be examined, and hence, the findings presented in the current publication are original.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Weight Status, and Body Composition among South African Primary Schoolchildren

Gerber

Lang

Beckmann

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Background: Over the past decades, childhood overweight has increased in many African countries. We examined the relationship between sedentary behaviour, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and body composition in South African primary schoolchildren living in peri-urban settings. Methods: MVPA was measured via 7-day accelerometry and body composition via bioelectrical impedance analysis in 1090 learners (49.2% girls, Mage = 8.3 ± 1.4 years). The relationships between MVPA and sedentary behaviour with the various body composition indicators (body fat and fat-free mass [total, truncal, arms, and legs], bone mass, muscle mass, and body water were tested with mixed linear regressions. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 9.8% and 6.6%, respectively; 77.1% of the children engaged in ≥60 min of MVPA/day. Girls were more likely to be overweight/obese, to accumulate less than 60 min of MVPA/day, and had significantly higher relative body fat than boys (ps < 0.001). Lower MVPA was associated with a higher likelihood of being overweight/obese, higher relative body fat, and lower relative fat-free mass, bone mass, muscle mass, and body water (ps < 0.001). For lower sedentary behaviour, the associations with body composition pointed in the opposite direction. Conclusions: In this South African setting, girls are a particularly relevant target group for future physical activity interventions to prevent overweight/obesity-related non-communicable diseases in later life.

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Associations Between Household Socioeconomic Status, Car Ownership, Physical Activity, and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in South African Primary Schoolchildren Living in Marginalized Communities

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour of Primary School Learners in Lagos State, Nigeria

Levels and Patterns of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour of Primary School Learners in Lagos State, Nigeria

Influence of soil-transmitted helminth infections on physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular disease risk in primary schoolchildren in Gqeberha, South Africa

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, Weight Status, and Body Composition among South African Primary Schoolchildren

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