Associations Between Helminth Infections, Plasmodium falciparum Parasite Carriage and Antibody Responses to Sexual and Asexual Stage Malarial Antigens

Ateba-Ngoa, Ulysse; Jones, Sophie; Zinsou, Jeannot Fréjus; Honkpéhèdji, Yabo Josiane; Adegnika, Ayôla Akim; Dejon-Agobé, Jean Claude; Loembé, Marguerite Massinga; Mordmüller, Benjamin; Bousema, Teun; Yazdanbakhsh, Maria

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0703

Cited by 26 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…38 We found that children infected 20 However, two other studies found discordant results. 18,19 In a Senegalese cohort, Courtin and coll. found that levels of IgG directed to GLURP and MSP-1 were lower in Sh-infected children than in those uninfected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Schistosoma haematobium infection modulates Plasmodium falciparum parasite density and antimalarial antibody responses

Tokplonou

Nouatin²,

Sonon

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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Aims Schistosomiasis and malaria are endemic in sub‐Saharan Africa where Schistosoma haematobium (Sh) and Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) coinfections are thus frequent. We explored the effect of Sh infection on antibody responses directed to Pf merozoite antigens and on malaria susceptibility in Beninese children. Methods and results A total of 268 children were followed during a malaria transmission season. Detection of Pf infection was performed by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. Sh infection was determined in urine by microscopy. Antimalarial antibody, cytokine and HLA‐G concentrations were quantified by ELISA. The expression of HLA‐G receptors by immune cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Children infected by Sh had higher concentrations of IgG1 directed to MSP3 and GLURPR0, IgG2 directed to GLURPR0 and IgG3 directed to MSP3, GLURPR0 and GLURPR2 and have lower Pf densities than those uninfected by Sh. No difference in cytokine and HLA‐G concentrations was observed between Sh egg carriers and non‐carriers. Conclusion Schistosoma haematobium modulates host immune responses directed to Pf antigens. The absence of immune downregulation usually observed during helminth infections is surprising in our study. We hypothesize that the stage of Sh development could partly explain the immune pathways leading to increased antibody levels that favour better control of Pf parasitemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies concerning the impact of schistosomiasis on anti‐ Pf antibody (Ab) responses are limited. Five studies have analysed anti‐ Pf Ab responses during schistosome infection . Three of them documented lower levels of IgG with specificity for Pf candidate vaccine antigens or crude schizont extracts in Sh ‐infected individuals .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma haematobium infection modulates Plasmodium falciparum parasite density and antimalarial antibody responses

Tokplonou

Nouatin²,

Sonon

et al. 2020

Parasite Immunology

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“…Recent published data demonstrate that the prevalence in the area for S . haematobium range from 15% to 75% [ 9 , 13 , 14 ]. Water supply, fishing, household work, fetching water and playing are some activities which expose the local population to schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previous study conducted in the vicinities of Lambaréné reported a 42% prevalence for plasmodium infection among school age children [ 9 ]. To be able to detect a minimum of 12.5% prevalence difference of plasmodium infection between children with schistosomiasis and those without, with a minimum of 80% power, we needed to include in the study at baseline at least 249 children for each study group, giving a total of 498 volunteers school age children.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schistosoma haematobium effects on Plasmodium falciparum infection modified by soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children living in rural areas of Gabon

et al. 2018

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BackgroundMalaria burden remains high in the sub-Saharan region where helminths are prevalent and where children are often infected with both types of parasites. Although the effect of helminths on malaria infection is evident, the impact of these co-infections is not clearly elucidated yet and the scarce findings are conflicting. In this study, we investigated the effect of schistosomiasis, considering soil-transmitted helminths (STH), on prevalence and incidence of Plasmodium falciparum infection.MethodologyThis longitudinal survey was conducted in school-age children living in two rural communities in the vicinity of Lambaréné, Gabon. Thick blood smear light microscopy, urine filtration and the Kato-Katz technique were performed to detect malaria parasites, S. haematobium eggs and, STH eggs, respectively. P. falciparum carriage was assessed at inclusion, and incidence of malaria and time to the first malaria event were recorded in correlation with Schistosoma carriage status. Stratified multivariate analysis using generalized linear model was used to assess the risk of plasmodium infection considering interaction with STH, and survival analysis to assess time to malaria.Main findingsThe overall prevalence on subject enrolment was 30%, 23% and 9% for S. haematobium, P. falciparum infections and co-infection with both parasites, respectively. Our results showed that schistosomiasis in children tends to increase the risk of plasmodium infection but a combined effect with Trichuris trichiura or hookworm infection clearly increase the risk (aOR = 3.9 [95%CI: 1.7–9.2]). The incidence of malaria over time was 0.51[95%CI: 0.45–0.57] per person-year and was higher in the Schistosoma-infected group compared to the non-infected group (0.61 vs 0.43, p = 0.02), with a significant delay of time-to first-malaria event only in children aged from 6 to 10-years-old infected with Schistosoma haematobium.ConclusionsOur results suggest that STH enhance the risk for P. falciparum infection in schistosomiasis-positive children, and when infected, that schistosomiasis enhances susceptibility to developing malaria in young children but not in older children.

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“…In Gabon, malaria and intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) as well as lariasis are frequently diagnosed in the population, with the prevalence varying from 1% to 75% [1,2]. This geographical co-distribution can lead to polyparasitism with possible interactions between parasite species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating Cytokine Profiles of Polyparasitized Individuals in Gabon.

M’Bondoukwé¹,

Moutongo²,

Gbédandé³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria, blood-borne filarial worms and intestinal parasites are all endemic in Gabon. This geographical co-distribution leads to polyparasitism and consequently, the possibility of immune-mediated interactions between different parasite species. Intestinal protozoa and helminths could modulate anti-malarial immunity, for example, thereby potentially increasing or reducing susceptibility to malaria. Methods: Blood and stool samples were collected during cross-sectional surveys in five provinces of Gabon. Parasitological diagnosis was performed to detect plasmodial parasites, Loa loa, Mansonella perstans, intestinal helminths (STH) and protozoan parasites. Nested PCR was used to detect submicroscopic plasmodial infection in individuals with negative blood smears. Cytometric Bead Array was used to quatify interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α in plasma of subjects with different parasitological profiles. Results: Median IL-6 and IL-10 levels and the median IL-10/TNF- α ration were all significantly higher among individuals with Plasmodium (P.) falciparum infection compared to other groups ( P ≤0.0001). The median TNF-α level and IL-10/IL-6 ratio were higher in subjects with STH ( P =0.09) and P. falciparum -intestinal protozoa co-infection ( P =0.04), respectively. IL-6 (r=-0.37; P ≤0.01) and IL-10 (r=-0.37; P ≤0.01) levels, and the IL-10/TNF-α ratio (r=-0.37; P ≤0.01) correlated negatively with age. Among children under five years old, the IL-10/TNF-α and IL-10/IL-6 ratios were higher in those with intestinal protozoan infections compared to uninfected children. The IL-10/TNF-α ratio was also higher in children aged 5-15 years and in adults harbouring blood-borne filariae compared to their control counterparts, whereas the IL-10/IL-6 ratio was lower in those aged 5-15 years with filariae and intestinal parasites but higher in adults with intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion: Asymptomatic malaria is associated with a strong polarization towards a regulatory immune response, presenting high circulating levels of IL-10. P. falciparum/intestinal protozoa co-infections are associated with an enhanced IL-10 response. Immunity against malaria could differ according to age and carriage of other parasites.

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Associations Between Helminth Infections, Plasmodium falciparum Parasite Carriage and Antibody Responses to Sexual and Asexual Stage Malarial Antigens

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Schistosoma haematobium infection modulates Plasmodium falciparum parasite density and antimalarial antibody responses

Schistosoma haematobium infection modulates Plasmodium falciparum parasite density and antimalarial antibody responses

Schistosoma haematobium effects on Plasmodium falciparum infection modified by soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children living in rural areas of Gabon

Circulating Cytokine Profiles of Polyparasitized Individuals in Gabon.

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