Associations between health and productivity in cow-calf beef herds and persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus, antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus, or antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in calves

Waldner, Cheryl L.; Kennedy, Richard I.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.7.916

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, the strong recommendation of the BVDIG was that they should be culled as soon as possible to minimise the opportunity for onward transmission of infection both within and between herds. Additionally, it is well recognised that while PI calves may be apparently normal at birth they tend to become ill-thriven, and many will die before reaching slaughter weight or breeding age (Houe 1993, Taylor and others 1997, Waldner and Kennedy 2008, Presi and others 2011, Richeson and others 2012). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and review of the voluntary phase of a national BVD eradication programme in Ireland

et al. 2014

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The voluntary phase of an industry-led national Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) eradication programme began in Ireland on January 1, 2012 with the goal of progressing to a compulsory programme in 2013. The development and implementation of the programme in 2012 was informed by a review of current and prior eradication programmes elsewhere in Europe and extensive stakeholder consultation. The programme was based on tissue tag testing of newborn calves in participating herds, with the status of the mothers of calves with positive or inconclusive results requiring clarification. Participating herd owners were required to comply with a series of guidelines, including not selling cattle suspected of being persistently infected. For herds compliant with the guidelines, the results from 2012 counted as one of three years of tag testing anticipated in the compulsory phase of the programme. Testing was carried out in laboratories designated for this purpose by the cross-industry BVD Implementation Group that oversees the programme. Results were reported to a central database managed by the Irish Cattle Breeding Federation, and the majority of results were reported to farmers' mobile telephones by SMS message. A detailed review of the programme was conducted, encompassing the period between January 1, 2012 and July 15, 2012, based on results from approximately 500,000 calves. This paper describes the establishment and structure of the programme, and the outcomes of the review, including findings at herd and animal level.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and review of the voluntary phase of a national BVD eradication programme in Ireland

et al. 2014

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“…Each BVDV testing protocol was applied at 3 herd prevalence (or probability of BVDV-infected herd) values (7.7%, 19%, 47%) selected from previous literature (USDA: 2009, Persistent infection of calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus on U.S. beef cow-calf operations) 43,44 to represent a range of realistic herd BVDV prevalence. Likewise, these values also represent the probability (0.077, 0.19, and 0.47) that any given herd within the population is BVDV positive.…”

Section: Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, if the herd was deemed to be BVDV positive, then the initial calving percentage in year 1 (determined from the aforementioned distribution) was subsequently modeled to be reduced because of PI cattle being in contact with pregnant cattle during the previous gestational period (Table 3). 22,40,42,43 Therefore, the overall calving percentage in BVDV-positive herds was calculated by subtracting the modeled reduction in calving attributed to BVDV from the modeled baseline calving percentage. The number of open cows at the beginning of year 1 (for both BVDV-positive and BVDV-negative herds) was then calculated by subtracting the number of live calves from the original herd size (i.e., 50, 100, or 500 breeding females).…”

Section: Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…39,43 Therefore, the number of TP cattle that died prematurely was subtracted from the total number of weaned calves in both the testing and nontesting herds in year 1. Current recommendations suggest that test-positive cattle should be euthanized upon receipt of diagnostic test results, and the model assumed that such an event occurred.…”

Section: Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Simulation Model to Quantify the Value of Implementing Whole-HerdBovine Viral Diarrhea VirusTesting Strategies in Beef Cow–Calf Herds

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Although numerous diagnostic tests are available to identify cattle persistently infected (PI) with Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cow-calf herds, data are sparse when evaluating the economic viability of individual tests or diagnostic strategies. Multiple factors influence BVDV testing in determining if testing should be performed and which strategy to use. A stochastic model was constructed to estimate the value of implementing various whole-herd BVDV cow-calf testing protocols. Three common BVDV tests (immunohistochemistry, antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and polymerase chain reaction) performed on skin tissue were evaluated as single-or two-test strategies. The estimated testing value was calculated for each strategy at 3 herd sizes that reflect typical farm sizes in the United States (50, 100, and 500 cows) and 3 probabilities of BVDV-positive herd status (0.077, 0.19, 0.47) based upon the literature. The economic value of testing was the difference in estimated gross revenue between simulated cowcalf herds that either did or did not apply the specific testing strategy. Beneficial economic outcomes were more frequently observed when the probability of a herd being BVDV positive was 0.47. Although the relative value ranking of many testing strategies varied by each scenario, the two-test strategy composed of immunohistochemistry had the highest estimated value in all but one herd size-herd prevalence permutation. These data indicate that the estimated value of applying BVDV whole-herd testing strategies is influenced by the selected strategy, herd size, and the probability of herd BVDV-positive status; therefore, these factors should be considered when designing optimum testing strategies for cow-calf herds.

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“…Finally, Neospora caninum has a more complex lifecycle with vertical transmission from dam to calf and horizontal transmission involving carnivores as definitive hosts. Presence of these four pathogens was previously reported in beef cattle in the study area [21-23] and there is substantial evidence that elk (or closely related red deer [ Cervus elaphus ]) are susceptible to these same pathogens [24-31]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in Western Alberta: does transmission route matter?

Pruvot

Kutz

Meer

et al. 2014

Vet Res

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In southwestern Alberta, interactions between beef cattle and free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) may provide opportunities for pathogen transmission. To assess the importance of the transmission route on the potential for interspecies transmission, we conducted a cross-sectional study on four endemic livestock pathogens with three different transmission routes: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus 1 (predominantly direct transmission), Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) (indirect fecal-oral transmission), Neospora caninum (indirect transmission with definitive host). We assessed the occurrence of these pathogens in 28 cow-calf operations exposed or non-exposed to elk, and in 10 elk herds exposed or not to cattle. We characterized the effect of species commingling as a risk factor of pathogen exposure and documented the perceived risk of pathogen transmission at this wildlife-livestock interface in the rural community. Herpesviruses found in elk were elk-specific gamma-herpesviruses unrelated to cattle viruses. Pestivirus exposure in elk could not be ascertained to be of livestock origin. Evidence of MAP circulation was found in both elk and cattle, but there was no statistical effect of the species commingling. Finally, N. caninum was more frequently detected in elk exposed to cattle and this association was still significant after adjustment for herd and sampling year clustering, and individual elk age and sex. Only indirectly transmitted pathogens co-occurred in cattle and elk, indicating the potential importance of the transmission route in assessing the risk of pathogen transmission in multi-species grazing systems.

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Associations between health and productivity in cow-calf beef herds and persistent infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus, antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus, or antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in calves

Abstract: BVDV infection, as indicated by the presence of PI calves and serologic evidence of infection in weaned calves, appeared to have the most substantial effect on productivity because of higher calf death risk and treatment risk and lower calf weaning weight.

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Development and review of the voluntary phase of a national BVD eradication programme in Ireland

Development and review of the voluntary phase of a national BVD eradication programme in Ireland

A Simulation Model to Quantify the Value of Implementing Whole-HerdBovine Viral Diarrhea VirusTesting Strategies in Beef Cow–Calf Herds

Pathogens at the livestock-wildlife interface in Western Alberta: does transmission route matter?

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