Associations between eating behaviours and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study

Zhang, Zhuoya; Li, Nan; Buckley, Jessie P.; Cecil, Kim M.; Chen, Aimin; Eaton, Charles B.; Kalkwarf, Heidi J.; Lanphear, Bruce P.; Yolton, Kimberly; Braun, Joseph M.

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12979

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…44,45 Weight concerns are a highly prevalent source of chronic stress for many individuals in the US, yet relatively few studies have examined the associations between weight concerns and the development of hypertension. [46][47][48][49] Most of the previous research has been among females or samples that were predominantly female. We observed that participants in the high weight concerns phenotype were more likely to develop hypertension in young adulthood compared to those without overweight/obesity in childhood or adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Fleur,

Tanofsky-Kraff,

Yanovski

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objectives We investigated whether empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were differentially associated with risk of hypertension in young adulthood, and whether these associations differed by sex. Methods Data came from 11,404 participants in the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort study in the US established in 1996. We used a childhood obesity phenotype variable that was previously empirically derived using latent class analysis. The childhood obesity phenotypes included an early puberty phenotype (females only), a mothers with obesity phenotype, a high weight concerns phenotype, and a mixed phenotype. Participants without overweight or obesity in childhood or adolescence were the reference group. We then used logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to examine associations of childhood obesity phenotypes with incident hypertension between ages 20–35 years. All analyses were stratified by sex. Results Among females, participants in all of the empirically derived childhood obesity phenotypes were more likely than their peers without childhood overweight/obesity to develop hypertension in young adulthood (early puberty subtype odds ratio (OR) = 2.52; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.75, 3.62; mothers with obesity (MO) subtype OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.93, 4.59; high weight concerns (WC) subtype OR = 2.33; 95% CI = 1.65, 3.28; mixed subtype OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.25, 2.20). Among males, the childhood obesity phenotypes were associated with a higher risk of developing hypertension, although males in the MO (OR = 2.65; 95% CI = 1.82, 3.87) and WC phenotypes (OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 2.38, 5.20) had a greater risk of developing hypertension than the mixed subtype (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.23, 1.86) (p = 0.004). Conclusion Risk for incident hypertension in young adulthood varied by childhood obesity phenotypes, as well as by biological sex. If replicated, these results may suggest that increased surveillance of specific childhood obesity phenotypes might help in targeting those at highest risk for hypertension.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Fleur,

Tanofsky-Kraff,

Yanovski

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Studies in rodents have suggested that exposure to maternal smoking during pregnancy or lactation may cause hormonal dysfunction in offspring and alterations in their hypothalamic circuitry involved in appetite control; this may affect the expression patterns of neuropeptides released by leptin-regulated anorexigenic or orexigenic neurons and cause sustained activation of glial cells (such as astrocytes and microglia), which may lead to hypothalamic inflammation [28]. These changes may contribute to alterations in appetite and metabolic control, primarily due to leptin resistance, which has been associated with decreased energy expenditure and satiety responsiveness and increased food responsiveness, both of which are associated with higher adiposity and risk for CM disorders [13,14]. Moreover, previous studies in humans have found that prenatal exposure to SHS is associated with higher postnatal plasma levels of the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin [29], which could lead to increased food responsiveness [30][31][32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These alterations can influence children's appetite, food intake, and eating preferences. Therefore, children exposed to SHS during gestation or early childhood may exhibit more obesogenic eating behaviors, such as lower satiety sensitivity, higher food responsiveness, and emotional overeating, and thus, in turn, may develop CM disorders later in life [11,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and eating behaviors at age 12 years

Mourino,

Zhang,

Pérez-Ríos

et al. 2024

Environ Health

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Background Prenatal or early childhood secondhand tobacco smoke (SHS) exposure increases obesity risk. However, the potential mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, but obesogenic eating behaviors are one pathway that components of SHS could perturb. Our aim was to assess associations of prenatal and early childhood SHS exposure with adolescent eating behaviors. Methods Data came from a prospective pregnancy and birth cohort (N = 207, Cincinnati, OH). With multiple informant models, we estimated associations of prenatal (mean of 16 and 26 weeks of gestation maternal serum cotinine concentrations) and early childhood cotinine (average concentration across ages 12, 24, 36, and 48 months) with eating behaviors at age 12 years (Child Eating Behaviors Questionnaire). We tested whether associations differed by exposure periods and adolescent’s sex. Models adjusted for maternal and child covariates. Results We found no statistically significant associations between cotinine measures and adolescent’s eating behaviors. Yet, in females, prenatal cotinine was associated with greater food responsiveness (β: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.38) and lower satiety responsiveness (β: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.26, -0.02); in males, prenatal and postnatal cotinine was related to lower food responsiveness (prenatal: β: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.04, -0.06; postnatal: β: -0.36; 95% CI: -0.06, -0.11). No significant effect modification by sex or exposure window was found for other eating behaviors. Conclusion Prenatal and early childhood SHS exposures were not related to adolescent’s eating behavior in this cohort; however, biological sex may modify these associations.

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“…Additionally, military-dependent youth are at elevated risk for disinhibited eating, which encompasses a variety of eating behaviors characterized by a lack of restraint over eating (Read & McComiskey, 2021;Schvey et al, 2015;Shomaker et al, 2011;Swanson et al, 2011;Waasdorp et al, 2007). One form of disinhibited eating that may be especially salient for adolescents is emotional eating (i.e., eating in response to affective states), which is linked to a variety of health concerns (e.g., depression, anxiety, insulin resistance; Arexis et al, 2023;Evgin & Kılıç, 2022;Goossens et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2023), disordered eating cognitions and behaviors, and onset of binge eating (Allen et al, 2008;Stice et al, 2002). Thus, there is a need to better understand factors that may contribute to emotional eating in military-dependent youth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional dysregulation moderates the relation between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents

Spinner,

Thompson,

Bauman

et al. 2024

Intl J Eating Disorders

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ObjectiveAdolescent children of US service members (i.e., military‐dependent youth) face unique stressors that increase risk for various forms of disinhibited eating, including emotional eating. Difficulties with adaptively responding to stress and aversive emotions may play an important role in emotional eating. This study examined emotion dysregulation as a potential moderator of the association between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents.MethodParticipants were military‐dependent youth (N = 163, 57.7% female, Mage = 14.5 ± 1.6, MBMI‐z = 1.9 ± 0.4) at risk for adult binge‐eating disorder and high weight enrolled in a randomized controlled prevention trial. Prior to intervention, participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived stress and emotional eating. Parents completed a questionnaire assessing their adolescent's emotion dysregulation. Moderation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS and adjusted for theoretically relevant sociodemographic covariates.ResultsThe interaction between adolescent perceived stress and emotion dysregulation (parent‐reported about the adolescent) in relation to adolescent emotional eating was found to be significant, such that higher emotion dysregulation magnified the association between perceived stress and emotional eating (p = .010). Examination of simple slopes indicated that associations between perceived stress and emotional eating were strongest for youth with above‐average emotion dysregulation, and non‐significant for youth with average or below‐average emotion dysregulation.DiscussionFindings suggest that greater emotion dysregulation may increase risk for emotional eating in response to stress among military‐dependent youth at risk for binge‐eating disorder or high weight. Improving emotion regulation skills may be a useful target for eating disorder prevention among youth who are at risk for emotional eating.Public SignificancePrior research has shown that adolescent military dependents are at increased risk for eating disorders and high weight. The current study found that emotion dysregulation moderated the relationship between perceived stress and emotional eating among military‐dependent youth. There may be clinical utility in intervening on emotion regulation for adolescent dependents at particular risk for emotional eating and subsequent eating disorders.

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Associations between eating behaviours and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment study

Cited by 5 publications

References 65 publications

Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Associations Between Phenotypes of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Young Adulthood

Early life exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke and eating behaviors at age 12 years

Emotional dysregulation moderates the relation between perceived stress and emotional eating in adolescent military dependents

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