Associations between Diet Behaviors and Measures of Glycemia, in Clinical Setting, in Obese Adolescents

Wagner, Kelly A.; Armah, Seth M.; Smith, Lisa; Pike, Julie; Tu, Wanzhu; Campbell, Wayne W.; Boushey, Carol J.; Hannon, Tamara S.; Gletsu‐Miller, Nana

doi:10.1089/chi.2015.0232

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…47 The ADA recommends dietary strategies that reduce calories, and intake of dietary fat, and increase the intake of dietary fiber and foods containing whole grains, while limiting the intake of sugar-sweetened beverages.studies have pointed out the importance of dietary fibers of in daily meals. 49 Several studies have also pointed out unhealthy dietary habits, observed in adolescence.…”

Section: Improper Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Prediabetes and Adolescence—Trends, Causes, Effects, and Screening

Stefanaki¹

2016

US Endocrinology

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Intermediate hyperglycemia, or prediabetes, is increasing worldwide, affecting people of all ages, including adolescents. Hormonal, physiological, psychological, and lifestyle changes in adolescence have been associated with disruptions in glucose homeostasis, such as decreased insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, or the combination of both. As a rule, glucose homeostasis is ameliorated, in normal subjects, when puberty is completed. However, in susceptible individuals, like obese adolescents, or adolescents with a strong genetic background, there is a progression to type 2 diabetes onset. Thus, susceptible adolescents should be screened for prediabetes, using fasting plasma glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), and oral glucose tolerance testing. Prediabetic adolescents should be counseled for a healthy lifestyle including healthy dietary habits, increased physical activity, and/or stress management. Other pathological conditions should be adequately treated. Early recognition of prediabetes in adolescence will prevent type 2 diabetes onset, decreasing the diabetes-associated health burden in adult life. This review aims to revise the associations and elucidate on the gaps between prediabetes and adolescence, via a comprehensive review of the current medical literature.

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Section: Improper Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Prediabetes and Adolescence—Trends, Causes, Effects, and Screening

Stefanaki¹

2016

US Endocrinology

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“…Lifestyle behaviors of adolescents are characteristically low in amount of physical activity, and excessively sedentary, high in dietary intake of refined grains, saturated fats and added sugars, and low in intake of fruits and vegetables. Independent of obesity, these lifestyle factors may promote the risk of developing T2D [36–40]. An intensive behavior modification program, demonstrated the efficacy of lifestyle intervention to improve nutrition and physical activity for reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes in adolescents, but it was conducted in the academic setting [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adolescence is associated with low consumption of fruits, vegetables and whole grains, excessive consumption of refined grains, saturated fats and added sugars, and high amounts of time spent in sedentary behavior [33–35]. In adolescents, we [36] and others [37–39] have shown that high dietary intakes of fat as well as sugary foods and beverages are negatively associated with elevated glycemia and insulin resistance. Also, high sedentariness negatively influenced insulin secretion and sensitivity in youth [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Intervention for Glucose Tolerance In Teens (DIG IT): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial using health coaching to prevent youth-onset type 2 diabetes

Wagner

Braun

Armah

et al. 2017

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Background Youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease that is newly emerging and behavioral strategies for its prevention are limited. Interventions that target the lifestyle behaviors of adolescents, to improve poor dietary quality and reduce excessive sedentariness, promise to reduce the risk of developing T2D. Health coaching is effective for promoting healthy behaviors in patients who have chronic disease, but few experimental studies are in adolescents. This randomized controlled trial, in adolescents with prediabetes, will determine the effectiveness of a health coaching intervention to facilitate adoption of healthy diet and activity behaviors that delay or prevent development of T2D. Methods/design The Dietary Intervention for Glucose Tolerance In Teens (DIG IT) trial will involve an evaluation of a health coaching intervention in adolescents with prediabetes. Eligible participants will be randomized to receive 6 months of health coaching or a single dietary consultation that is standard-of-care. The primary outcome will be 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test concentration. Secondary outcomes will include measures of glycemia and insulin action as well as dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviors measured using an electronic food record, and by inclinometer. Data will be collected before and after the intervention (at 6 months) and at 12 months (to assess sustainability). Discussion This trial will determine whether a health coaching intervention, a personalized and low-cost approach to modify dietary and activity behaviors, is effective and sustainable for prevention of youth-onset T2D, relative to standard-of-care. Health coaching has the potential to be widely implemented in clinical or community settings.

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“…To identify possible risk factors for prediabetes in adolescence, the risk factors for type 2 diabetes would be the most prominent. For example, sedentary lifestyle or lack of physical exercise (8), improper dietary intakes (9), obesity, and family history of diabetes are well documented as risk factors for type 2 diabetes (8). Among them, we focus on skipping breakfast as a risk factor for prediabetes in adolescence because it is prevalent among adolescents, for example, 8.0% in junior high school in Japan (10,11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescence in Japan: Results from A-CHILD study

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveAdolescents with prediabetes are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. It is necessary to identify risk factors for prediabetes in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescents in Japan.Study designWe used the population-based cross-sectional data of eighth grade in junior high school students from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study conducted in Adachi City, Tokyo, Japan, in 2016, 2018, and 2020. Skipping breakfast was assessed using self-reported questionnaires (N=1510). Prediabetes was defined as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of 5.6-6.4%. The association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Stratified analysis was also performed using BMI, 1 SD or more, or less than 1SD, as overweight was defined as 1SD or more.ResultsStudents who skipped breakfast were 16.4% (n=248). The prevalence of prediabetes was 3.8% (n=58). Skipping breakfast exhibited a significant association with prediabetes (OR:1.95, 95% CI: 1.03 to 3.69) after adjusting for sex, annual household income, family history of diabetes mellitus, BMI, and survey year. Stratified analysis showed stronger association among students with overweight (BMI ≥1SD) (OR=4.31, 95% CI 1.06-17.58), while non-sigificant among students without overweight (BMI<1SD) (OR=1.62, 95% CI 0.76-3.47).ConclusionsSkipping breakfast in Japanese adolescents, especially those with overweight, was associated with prediabetes. The promotion of avoiding skipping breakfast may help to prevent prediabetes.

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Associations between Diet Behaviors and Measures of Glycemia, in Clinical Setting, in Obese Adolescents

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Prediabetes and Adolescence—Trends, Causes, Effects, and Screening

Prediabetes and Adolescence—Trends, Causes, Effects, and Screening

Dietary Intervention for Glucose Tolerance In Teens (DIG IT): Protocol of a randomized controlled trial using health coaching to prevent youth-onset type 2 diabetes

Association between skipping breakfast and prediabetes among adolescence in Japan: Results from A-CHILD study

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