Associations between dental caries and ponderal growth in children: A Cambodian study

Turton, Bathsheba; Chher, Tepirou; Hak, Sithan; Sokal-Gutierrez, Karen; Lopez, Diego; Laillou, Arnaud; Singh, Ankur

doi:10.7189/jogh.12.04046

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This sample involves children who are considered poor, even within the context of an LMIC, given their province of origin in the least economically productive region of Cambodia. The findings are consistent with the previously published descriptive study from the same cohort that suggested that children with pulpally involved teeth were more likely to belong to unfavorable weight-for-height trajectory class groupings (Turton et al 2022).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Data were collected across 2 of 3 provinces between March 2017 and May 2019 in the CAHENMS, better known as the MyHealth project. Details of the data source and primary data collection have been published elsewhere (Turton et al 2022). The protocol for the broader CAHENMS study was reviewed by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research, Ministry of Health, Cambodia (NEHCR 117), and the secondary data analysis was reviewed by the Scientific Review Committee at the University of Puthisastra.…”

Section: Study Settings and Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the evidence for an association has been inconsistent, likely due to inadequate control of confounding factors, and the application of traditional standardization approaches to estimate effects (Tanner et al 2022). These limitations were true for previously published studies from the Cambodia Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Study (CAHENMS), where only a descriptive approach was possible (Renggli et al 2021;Turton et al 2022). In applying a causal theoretical basis and inverse proportionality treatment weighting, we hope to apply the theory of causal inference and address some of those limitations to test the following hypothesis: that the incidence of cavitated caries lesions or pulpally involved teeth was associated with differences in linear and ponderal growth among a cohort of Cambodian children who were considered poor among an LMIC context.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caries Incidence Is Associated with Wasting among Cambodian Children

et al. 2022

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Evidence suggests that dental caries is associated with chronic and acute malnutrition, manifested as stunting and wasting in children. However, studies have not always appropriately accounted for confounding factors or for the temporal ordering between exposure and outcome. This study examined relationships between the development of caries lesions with subsequent stunting and wasting outcomes using data from a population-based cohort in Cambodia. Caries incidence was assessed based on the presence of a new cavitated carious lesion or a new pulpally involved lesion across a 6-mo observation period. Anthropometric measurements were taken at regular intervals. Effects of carious lesions on stunting and wasting were assessed using inverse probability treatment weighting, adjusting for potential confounders, using z scores for height-for-age (HAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) as outcomes. In total, 894 children (mean age 20 mo at baseline) were followed over 2 y. At baseline, 350 (39.1%) were identified as having stunting malnutrition. At follow-up, 58 (6.5%) had a new pulpally involved lesion. There was no association between incidence of cavitated or pulpally involved carious lesions at follow-up and stunting (relative risk [RR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75, 1.50). The incidence of pulpally involved carious lesions had an effect on wasting prevalence (WHZ <−2; RR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.70, 2.62) and WHZ scores (average treatment effect = −0.294; 95% CI: −0.538, −0.050). This study offers evidence that the development of pulpally involved carious lesions has an effect on WHZ scores. Oral health promotion and clinical prevention and management of dental caries should be explored as interventions to promote normal growth and development among preschool children, particularly in low-income settings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Study Settings and Data Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caries Incidence Is Associated with Wasting among Cambodian Children

et al. 2022

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“…In our study, sweet milk, sweet biscuits/crackers and savoury crisps/crackers were the commercial beverages and foods most often consumed, with sweet milk being consumed daily, on average, once children had reached 12 months of age. This finding is worrisome because previous research has reported that frequent intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) at 10–12 months of age significantly increased the likelihood of having dental caries at 6 years (Park et al, 2015) and there is evidence to suggest that early childhood carries are associated with lower WLZ (Turton et al, 2022). High consumption of these ultraprocessed, commercially produced foods and beverages can contribute to higher intakes of added sugar, sodium and unhealthy fats, and they are also often nutrient‐poor, which increases the risks of inadequate intakes of nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High consumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages tracks across the complementary feeding period in rural/peri‐urban Cambodia

Hinnouho

Ferguson

MacDougall

et al. 2023

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Consumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages (UCFB) is common among infants and young children living in low-and middle-income countries. Such foods can displace other nutritious foods, however, there is limited evidence on how this consumption tracks across time. This study assessed and tracked UCFB consumption of children living in rural/peri-urban Cambodia during the complementary feeding period, identified UCFB consumption patterns of these children, and explored the association between UCFB consumption and growth. A 6-month longitudinal cohort study was implemented among 567 caregivers of children aged 10-14 months at recruitment. UCFB consumption was estimated each month via a telephone-administered 7-day food frequency questionnaire, and UCFB consumption patterns were identified based on changes in this frequency of consumption over time. The majority of children either maintained (45.7%, n = 246) or developed (43.5%, n = 234) an unhealthy consumption pattern and only 10.8% (n = 58) of children maintained/transitioned into a healthy consumption pattern. High consumers of UCFB at 10-14 months had a 4.7 (CI: 4.7 [3.1-7.2]) times odds of being high consumers of UCFB at 15-19 months (p < 0.001). There was a trend of lower lengthfor-age z-scores (LAZ) among children maintaining or developing an unhealthy consumption pattern (~−0. SD LAZ) compared to children maintaining/transitioning into a healthy consumption pattern, however, this association was not statistically significant. Findings indicate that high UCFB consumption begins during infancy and tracks into early childhood. National policies and programmes centred on early interventions addressing the use of UCFB for infant and young child feeding are needed.

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“…The 2011 Cambodian National Oral Health Survey found that by age six, 93% of children experienced dental caries, including 86% with dental abscesses, and 99% of carious lesions were untreated [13,14]. More recent studies reported that by age 3, an estimated five out of six children had one of more deep carious lesions and one in five had a tooth which has been abscessed [14], and children with untreated dental caries and abscesses had less favorable ponderal growth [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Early Childhood Caries and Prolonged Coughing Episodes in a Cohort of Cambodian Children

Chowdhury

Turton

Chher

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Studies have shown an association between Early Childhood Caries (ECC) and respiratory infections; however, most have been cross-sectional, and all have been in high-income countries. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) was applied to longitudinal data from the Cambodia Health and Nutrition Monitoring Study. An analytical sample of 1703 Cambodian children between 1- and 4-years old was used to examine the effect of caries incidence (ECC Activity) on the odds of a child subsequently experiencing an episode of prolonged coughing (>14 days) over the subsequent 18 m. ECC activity occurred among 523 children (30.7%) while prolonged coughing was observed among 235 children (13.8%). ECC activity increased the risk of prolonged coughing (RR 1.23; 95% CI 0.95, 1.58; Average treatment effect = 3%). Follow-up investigations are justified in order to examine whether ECC may be a modifiable risk factor for prevention of respiratory illness among young children.

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Associations between dental caries and ponderal growth in children: A Cambodian study

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Caries Incidence Is Associated with Wasting among Cambodian Children

Caries Incidence Is Associated with Wasting among Cambodian Children

High consumption of unhealthy commercial foods and beverages tracks across the complementary feeding period in rural/peri‐urban Cambodia

Relationship between Early Childhood Caries and Prolonged Coughing Episodes in a Cohort of Cambodian Children

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