Associations Between Deaf/Hard of Hearing and Social Participation Among Older Americans

Abstract

This study investigated the associations between self-reported deaf or hard of hearing (D/HH) and informal and formal social participation among Americans aged 65 or older and how their family resources, health, and community social capital may partially account for these associations. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study, multiple logistic regressions were conducted to test the research questions. Results revealed that older adults who were D/HH had significantly lower odds of attending recreational and clubs and organized activities. Family resources and health significantly explained the disparity for all types of social participation, whereas community social capital contributed more to the disparity in religious service attendance. Findings provide important intervention directions to reduce the disparity in late-life social participation as a result of experiencing D/HH.

社区老年人自然干预措施范围综述

“…(virtual reality, VR)环境可能会对老年被试者 产生积极影响 [42] 。尽管VR或其他类型的模拟 不能被视为自然环境的替代品，但Kalantari 等 [42] 认为在难以接触到自然环境的情况下， 这也是一种有效的方法。目前关于VR效果的 假设仍有待检验。 对社区老年人使用NBIs的探讨，揭示了 学界对老年人特殊需求关注的不足。人们随 着年龄的增长，身体逐渐出现多种并发症的 可能性越来越大 [43] ，身体机能逐步退化 [44] 。听 觉等感官障碍影响社交互动等问题 [45] 急需学 界广泛关注。老年人是一个有着多样化需求 的异质群体，专业人员在与他们合作时需要 采用特殊方法 [46] 。在22篇文献中，仅有1篇 提到需要对老年人的评估方案进行相应调整 (如加大字体)。虽然研究人员只发表他们 认为重要的内容，但这的确是老年学研究中 易被忽视的一个方面。因此，本综述聚焦了 迄今为止NBIs研究中存在的知识空白。未来 的研究需要纳入满足老年人特殊需求的设计 元素。 以个人为中心的健康教育到以社区为中 心的健康促进是一种根本性转变 [47] 。本研究发 现多篇文献讨论了在老年群体中实施NBIs的 潜在益处。这些文献的被试者均为老年人， 但侧重于负面症状调节或疾病管理，而非健 康促进。如Infantino [27] 讨论了如何维持认知 和精神健康的问题；Duedahl等 [22] 探讨了与自 然的积极、健康互动的方式；Iwano等 [48] 研究 了增进老年人幸福感的措施。虽然WHO将…”