Associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in Turkish population

Yücel, Burcu; Sümer, Ceren; Gok, Ilhami; Karkucak, Murat; Alemdaroğlu, Emel; Uçar, Fahri

doi:10.14744/nci.2020.70845

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Little is known about the genetic background of IL-2 in RA, but it was found that specific diplotypes, meaning the combination of haplotypes from both parents, in occurrence, the IL-2 TG:GG was positively associated with RA in the Turkish population [96]. Interestingly, the implication of this cytokine in joint-related pathologies seems to be dual and its use as a therapeutic target may be approached in a modulatory manner as contra-dictory data were addressed regarding this cytokine in this particular context.…”

Section: Micro-immunotherapy: a Multiple Immune-targeted Ultra-low-dose-based Strategy To Calm Chronic Inflammation In Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Dose Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Three Birds with One Stone as the Rationale of the 2LARTH® Micro-Immunotherapy Treatment

Jacques¹,

Floris²,

Lejeune³

2021

IJMS

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Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are two cytokines involved in the perpetuation of the chronic inflammation state characterizing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Significant advances in the treatment of this pathology have been made over the past ten years, partially through the development of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 therapies. However, major side effects still persist and new alternative therapies should be considered. The formulation of the micro-immunotherapy medicine (MIM) 2LARTH® uses ultra-low doses (ULD) of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2, in association with other immune factors, to gently restore the body’s homeostasis. The first part of this review aims at delineating the pivotal roles played by IL-1β and TNF-α in RA physiopathology, leading to the development of anti-TNF and anti-IL-1 therapeutic agents. In a second part, an emphasis will be made on explaining the rationale of using multiple therapeutic targets, including both IL-1β and TNF-α in 2LARTH® medicine. Particular attention will be paid to the ULD of those two main pro-inflammatory factors in order to counteract their overexpression through the lens of their molecular implication in RA pathogenesis.

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Section: Micro-immunotherapy: a Multiple Immune-targeted Ultra-low-dose-based Strategy To Calm Chronic Inflammation In Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Low Dose Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Three Birds with One Stone as the Rationale of the 2LARTH® Micro-Immunotherapy Treatment

Jacques¹,

Floris²,

Lejeune³

2021

IJMS

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“…The IL-2 TG:GG cytokine diplotype was found to be positively associated with RA in a study on Turkish individuals with the disease published in 2020. On the other hand, no meaningfully adverse link was found [32].…”

Section: Interleukine-2 Gene Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The rs36215814 polymorphism was strongly related with a greater incidence of RA in both the dominant and additive genetic models. The IL-6 GG haplotype was positively related with RA, according to a study conducted in 2020 among Turkish patients with RA [32].…”

Section: Interleukine-6 Gene Polymorphismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukins with Disease Severity or Response to Biological Therapy in Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Narrative Review

Mohammed¹,

Jamal²,

Alshamari³

2023

Al-Rafidain J Med Sci

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Background: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukins play important roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Genetic research has been employed to find many of the missing connections between genetic risk variations and causal genetic components. Objective: The goal of this study is to look at the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and see how they relate to disease severity or response to biological therapy. Method: Using specific keywords, the authors conducted a systematic and comprehensive search to identify relevant Iraqi studies examining the genetic variations of TNF-α and interleukins in Iraqi RA patients and how they relate to disease severity or response to biological therapy. Results: Thirteen studies have looked at TNF-α and interleukin genetic polymorphisms in Iraqi RA patients. Only the IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 receptor gene polymorphisms were explored for interleukins; however, the results of studies indicate no association between genetic polymorphism and the severity of RA. Very few researchers examine the correlation between genetic variation and TNF-α inhibitor responsiveness. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the genetic variations of the TNF-α promoter. The -308 G/A region in the promotor region was the most studied location.

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“…The study of polymorphism in 108 early RA patients revealed the polymorphic IL-4 gene sequence located at 5q31-31 [29]. Furthermore, IL-4-590 promoter polymorphism was observed and was suggested as a genetic risk factor for the severity of RA [30][31][32][33]. IL-4R single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with radiographic progression in RA patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy [34].…”

Section: Type 2 Immune Responses In Arthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Arthritis and Bone Metabolism Regulated by Type 2 Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Omata

Frech

Saito

et al. 2022

IJMS

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While type 2 immunity has traditionally been associated with the control of parasitic infections and allergic reactions, increasing evidence suggests that type 2 immunity exerts regulatory functions on inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and also on bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the current evidence of the regulatory role of type 2 immunity in arthritis and bone. Key type 2 cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, but also others such as IL-5, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, exert regulatory properties on arthritis, dampening inflammation and inducing resolution of joint swelling. Furthermore, these cytokines share anti-osteoclastogenic properties and thereby reduce bone resorption and protect bone. Cellular effectors of this action are both T cells (i.e., Th2 and Th9 cells), but also non-T cells, like type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Key regulatory actions mediated by type 2 cytokines and immune cells on both inflammation as well as bone homeostasis are discussed.

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Associations between cytokine gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in Turkish population

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Ultra-Low Dose Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Three Birds with One Stone as the Rationale of the 2LARTH® Micro-Immunotherapy Treatment

Ultra-Low Dose Cytokines in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Three Birds with One Stone as the Rationale of the 2LARTH® Micro-Immunotherapy Treatment

The Association of Genetic Polymorphisms in Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukins with Disease Severity or Response to Biological Therapy in Iraqi Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Narrative Review

Inflammatory Arthritis and Bone Metabolism Regulated by Type 2 Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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