Associations Between Child Maltreatment, Autonomic Regulation, and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcome in an Urban Population: The HELIUS Study

Bakema, Maryse J.; Zuiden, Mirjam van; Collard, Didier; Zantvoord, Jasper B.; Rooij, Susanne R. de; Elsenburg, Leonie K.; Snijder, Marieke B.; Stronks, Karien; Born, Bert‐Jan H. van den; Lok, Anja

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00069

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(94 reference statements)

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“…A large population-based multi-ethnic urban cohort study tested whether child maltreatment, such as emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, and sexual abuse, was associated with a higher risk of self-reported history of CVD. The study confirmed that child maltreatment is significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD later in life, and that this association remained significant after adjusting for potentially relevant covariates [24].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Specifically, experiencing emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, starting from early childhood, seemed to be associated with the presence of a CVD. Moreover, the amount and the impact of emotional abuse experienced during childhood and adolescence were higher in the patients with the CVDs compared to the control group, further supporting the role of traumatic events in the development of a CVD [ 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2021

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Adverse childhood experiences could be important determinants of adult disease. The present study analyzed the association between early traumatic experiences and the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVDs). It was hypothesized that patients with CVD would report a higher number of traumatic experiences during childhood and that this association would be stronger in women. The Traumatic Experiences Checklist (TEC) was fulfilled by 75 patients with a first-time diagnosis of CVD and 84 healthy controls randomly selected from the general population. The two groups were not balanced for age and sex. Multivariate analyses of covariance (MANCOVAs) and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs), with group (clinical vs. control) and gender (male vs. female) as between-subjects factors, and age of participants as covariate, were performed on the number and the impact of the traumatic experiences (emotional neglect, emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse) for the three age group in which the trauma was experienced (from 0 to 10, from 11 to 18, from 19 years onwards). The main results showed that participants with CVDs have experienced a higher number of early traumatic experiences compared to the control group, such as emotional neglect (p = 0.023), emotional abuse (0.008 ≤ p ≤ 0.033), and physical abuse (0.001 < p ≤ 0.038). The results also revealed that women with CVDs have experienced more traumatic events compared to the women of the control group (0.001 < p ≤ 0.020). These results seem to highlight an association between traumatic experiences in childhood and CVD in adulthood, particularly in women. Such findings could have relevant implications for clinical practice, suggesting the importance of adopting an integrated approach in the care of the patient with cardiovascular diseases paying attention also to the clinical psychological risk factors.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study

et al. 2021

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“…Evidence from epigenetic studies suggests that the experience of early maltreatment “gets under the skin” through processes such as DNA methylation (Cecil, Zhang, & Nolte, 2020). There is also growing evidence that maltreatment results in long‐term harm to physical systems, such as the cardiovascular system (Bakema et al, 2020) and the immune system (do Prado, Grassi‐Oliveira, Daruy‐Filho, Wieck, & Bauer, 2017). There is no doubt that maltreatment can result in severe and lasting harm to children.…”

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confidence: 99%

Foster Care: How We Can, and Should, Do More for Maltreated Children

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2020

Social Policy Report

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Foster care provides round-the-clock substitute care for nearly 700,000 U.S. children who are temporarily or permanently separated from their family of origin each year. Each state manages its own foster care system according to federal regulations. Despite numerous large-scale federal policy reforms over the past several decades, substantial concerns remain about the experiences and outcomes of children in the foster care system. The most recent effort to reform foster care, the Family First Prevention Services Act of 2018, attempts to both reduce the use of foster care and increase the quality of care. In this report, we review how policy has shaped the experiences and outcomes of children in foster care, where policy has succeeded, and where it falls short of achieving its goals. We then identify opportunities for federal and state policy to better support the safety, health, and well-being of children in foster care.

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“…Second, the psychological and physiological impacts of certain forms of childhood trauma do not necessarily have a deterministic effect on future elevated disease risk or adversely affect the stress physiological pathways understood to underlie these long-term effects. For example, previously published studies have found null associations between early life stress and adult stress physiology outcomes, including autonomic regulation [ 40 , 41 ] and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function [ 41 , 42 ]. Given the increased prevalence and burden of both ACEs and CVDs in low- and middle-income contexts, further research studies from these settings are needed to elucidate the possible long-term effects of ACEs on adult CVD risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and adult cardiometabolic risk factors and disease outcomes: Cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in rural Uganda

et al. 2021

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Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) pose a major threat to public health in sub-Saharan African communities, where the burden of these classes of illnesses is expected to double by 2030. Growing research suggests that past developmental experiences and early life conditions may also elevate CVD risk throughout the life course. Greater childhood stress and adversity are consistently associated with a range of adult CVDs and associated risk factors, yet little research exists on the long-term effects of early life stress on adult physical health outcomes, especially CVD risk, in sub-Saharan African contexts. This study aims to evaluate the associations between adverse childhood experiences and adult cardiometabolic risk factors and health outcomes in a population-based study of adults living in Mbarara, a rural region of southwestern Uganda. Methods Data come from an ongoing, whole-population social network cohort study of adults living in the eight villages of Nyakabare Parish, Mbarara. A modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire (ACEs) assessed past exposure to physical, emotional, and sexual adversity. Participants also took part in a health fair where medical histories on cardiometabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases were gathered. Multiple logistic regression models estimated the associations between ACEs and cardiometabolic risk factors and health outcomes. Results Data were available on 545 adults. The average number of ACEs was 4.9 out of a possible 16. The cumulative number of ACEs were associated with having a history of heart attack and/or heart failure (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.11, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.999-1.234, P = 0.051), but the estimated association was not statistically significant. ACEs did not have statistically significant associations with any others measures of adult cardiometabolic risk and CVD. Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences are not associated with a range of adult cardiometabolic risk factors and health outcomes in this sample of rural Ugandan adults. Further research in this sample is necessary to identify the pathways that may motivate these null relationship and possibly protect against adverse cardiometabolic and cardiovascular health outcomes.

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Associations Between Child Maltreatment, Autonomic Regulation, and Adverse Cardiovascular Outcome in an Urban Population: The HELIUS Study

Cited by 20 publications

References 63 publications

Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study

Psychological Traumas and Cardiovascular Disease: A Case-Control Study

Foster Care: How We Can, and Should, Do More for Maltreated Children

Adverse childhood experiences and adult cardiometabolic risk factors and disease outcomes: Cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in rural Uganda

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