Associations between Change of Direction, Balance, Speed, and Muscle Power in Prepubescent Soccer Players

Hammami, Raouf; Granacher, Urs; Pizzolato, Fabio; Chaouachi, Mehdi; Chtara, Moktar; Behm, David G Behm; Chaouachi, Anis

doi:10.4172/2324-9080.1000279

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…During the first session, each player’s height and body mass were collected using a wall-mounted stadiometer and electronic scale, respectively. The leg length (LL) was measured from the most distal end of the anterior superior iliac spine to the most distal end of the medial malleolus of each limb [ 10 ] and the body-mass-index (BMI) was calculated as mass per height squared (kg/m 2 ). Skinfold thickness was measured to the nearest mm, except for low values (usually 5 mm or less) when it was taken to the nearest 0.5 mm [ 17 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Change-of-Direction Performance in Elite Soccer Players: Preliminary Analysis According to Their Playing Positions

Sariati

Hammami

Chtara

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Our objective was to examine the relationship between change of direction (CoD) performance, with (CoDb), and without the ball (CoDwb), and selected measures of physical fitness (jump performance, speed, balance) in elite soccer players, according to players’ positions. Forty elite male soccer players performed the change-of-direction and acceleration test (CODAT) with (CODATb), and without the ball (CODATwb), 5- and 20-m sprint tests, the 5-jump test (5JT), and the Y-balance test (YBT). Analyses of the whole sample showed significant correlations between all CODAT measures (CODATwb and CODATb, respectively) and sprint 5-m (r = 0.72, p < 0.001; r = 0.52, p < 0.01), sprint 20-m (r = 0.54, p < 0.03; r = 0.45, p < 0.05), jump (r = −0.62, p < 0.01; r = −0.64, p < 0.01) and balance (r = −0.50, p < 0.01; r = −0.83, p < 0.001) performances. Correlations were significantly different between player positions (defender, midfielder and striker). When examining the entire sample, the single best predictor of CODATwb was performance in the 5-m test with an explained variance of 52% (p < 0.001). For CODATb, the Y-balance performance explained 68% of the variance of performance (p < 0.001). In conclusion, soccer coaches and fitness trainers are advised to improve players’ CoD using neuromuscular training that mimic crucial match actions. Meanwhile, CoD testing and training should be designed in line with the demands of playing position.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous cross-sectional studies examined the relationship between jump [ 9 , 10 ], balance [ 9 , 11 , 12 ], sprint [ 7 , 11 ] and CoD performances in soccer. According to these studies, jump performance accounted for 45% of the variance in CoD performance in elite soccer players [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change-of-Direction Performance in Elite Soccer Players: Preliminary Analysis According to Their Playing Positions

Sariati

Hammami

Chtara

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…2 The ability to run requires high motor performance which, besides being influenced by neuromuscular aspects, is also influenced by body characteristics (size and proportions). 2,8,15 Hammammi et al, 27 finding a moderate correlation (r = -0.499; p <0.01) between CODS and the balance test in soccer players, point out that sprints involve a motor control ability and maintenance of body balance, factors that may undergo changes in the growth spurt phase, resulting in slight decreases in body coordination and balance. 2,13,47 The moment of growth spurt, linear increase of the body, occurs primarily in the lower limbs compared to the upper limbs and trunk, and does not occur simultaneously with muscle growth, causing body disproportion and transient decreases in balance and motor coordination, directly affecting performance of speed due to body instability presented in the stride frequency during the development of running.…”

Section: Physical Performance and Pubertymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Vertical jumps involve lower limb actions at maximum effort intensity in a short time interval for force generation. 26,27 SJ and CMJ execution techniques are widely described according to the standardizations initially proposed by Komi and Bosco 28 and commonly adopted in other studies. [21][22][23][24][25] During both jumps (SJ and CMJ), the subject, with hands on the hips and head up looking forward, makes the last contact (take off ) and the beginning of the landing (first contact) with the toes; during the flight phase, the knees are kept at 180º (fully extended).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32 Vertical jumps, in addition to being used as a means of assessing lower limb force, have also been used as a component of physical fitness in sport for the performance of actions involving rapid force production, such as sprint-mediated performance. 33 This is commonly presented in the literature looking at performances such as joint and muscle movement patterns, 27 the ATP-CP 27 power supply system, higher nerve conduction velocity, 34 and storage and use of PEE. 35…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Puberty on Jump and Sprint Performance in Young Futsal Players

Alvares

Chaves

Oliveira

et al. 2020

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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Futsal is a sport that involves motor actions with high intensity and short duration, especially vertical jumps and sprints, which require fast application of strength and speed. The evaluation and training of these physical capacities is a routine practice of coaches, especially in the base categories, which are the entry point for many children and adolescents aiming for a professional career in futsal. With regard to the training of this public, puberty is a factor that must be considered, as a natural biological process involving several bodily transformations that can influence the performance of these physical capacities, especially considering that the categories are divided by chronological age, which does not always correspond to pubertal age. The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review of body modifications during puberty, and how these can affect the aspects that determine good performance in jumps and sprints. It was verified that this phase is associated with hormonal changes, an increase in muscle mass, and anthropometric aspects, as well as the maturation of the neuromuscular functions and refinement of the more complex motor activities, such as locomotion. Together, these factors can favor the fast application of force, and better performance of these players in terms of motor activities. However, it is important to emphasize that although these factors increase and naturally favor the players' performance in terms of strength and speed, it is a phase in which specific types of training focused on the aspects that determine good performance are fundamental to increase these capacities and diminish other aspects that also occur with the bodily development, such as a transient decrease in motor coordination and balance due to the rapid growth spurt, and tissue stiffness, which can sometimes occur during this period. Level of evidence V; Expert Opinion.

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The Effects of Strength, Plyometric and Combined Training on Strength, Power and Speed Characteristics in High-Level, Highly Trained Male Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Oliver,

Ramachandran,

Singh

et al. 2023

Sports Med

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Background Male youth soccer players competing at a high level will typically engage in large volumes of soccer training from a young age. However, it is not known whether the high levels of habitual training that these high-performing players are exposed to limit their ability to respond to strength, plyometric or combined training interventions. Objective The primary aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the specific effects of strength, plyometric and combined training with active controls (standard soccer training) on the strength, power and speed characteristics of high-level, highly trained young male soccer players. Methods We performed a literature search across PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science and SPORTDiscus to identify controlled studies that implemented strength, plyometric or combined training in high-level male youth soccer players. Participants were defined as high level or highly trained based on established guidelines related to either competition level or age-related weekly hours spent in soccer training. Studies needed to report at least one outcome of lower body strength, squat jump, countermovement jump, horizontal power, acceleration (0–10 m), speed (15–40 m) or change of direction speed. A meta-analysis was then performed using a random-effects model to determine the magnitude (Hedge’s g) of training responses and whether effects differed across modes of training. Results From an initial return of 5464 papers, n = 34 studies met the inclusion criteria and provided a total sample of n = 1396 high-level male youth soccer players. Strength, plyometric and combined training resulted in improvements in strength, squat and countermovement jump, horizontal power, acceleration, change of direction speed (all p < 0.05; g = 0.73–1.08, moderate) and speed (p < 0.05; g = 0.40–0.59, small). Lower body strength was the only outcome where training mode had a significant effect (p < 0.05), with plyometric training producing small effects (g = 0.27, p < 0.05) compared with moderate effects for strength (g = 1.07, p < 0.05) and combined (g = 0.75, p < 0.05) training. Prediction intervals for overall effects (all training modes combined) showed that the greatest confidence that future training will lead to positive effects was in the squat and countermovement jump, horizontal power and acceleration (prediction intervals = 0.03–1.81). Conclusions High-level, highly trained male youth soccer players can experience positive gains in indices of strength, power and speed from strength, plyometric and combined training, and the magnitude of gains are mostly similar across modes of training. Based on prediction intervals, there is a good level of certainty that future strength, plyometric and combined training in this population would lead to positive improvements in vertical and horizontal power and sprint acceleration.

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Associations between Change of Direction, Balance, Speed, and Muscle Power in Prepubescent Soccer Players

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Change-of-Direction Performance in Elite Soccer Players: Preliminary Analysis According to Their Playing Positions

Change-of-Direction Performance in Elite Soccer Players: Preliminary Analysis According to Their Playing Positions

Effects of Puberty on Jump and Sprint Performance in Young Futsal Players

The Effects of Strength, Plyometric and Combined Training on Strength, Power and Speed Characteristics in High-Level, Highly Trained Male Youth Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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