Associations between calf factors of Japanese Black calves arriving at a backgrounding operation and bovine respiratory disease

Sasaki, Yosuke; Hashimoto, Keisuke; Iki, Yoshihiro; Anan, Tomoaki; Hayashi, Jun; Uematsu, Mizuho

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105100

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…These findings reveal that BRD has one of the highest economic impacts in modern beef cattle production. This study did not include losses caused by decreased daily gain [ 23 ] and mortality [ 4 ] due to BRD; thus, the actual economic impact is higher than our estimation. It is important to prevent BRD by strengthened biosecurity measures [ 25 ], which will financially benefit producers [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To prevent severe cases of BRD, producers are advised to closely monitor high-risk calves to promptly identify any clinical signs of BRD and thus initiate effective treatment. Arrival information at backgrounding operations of Japanese Black calves can be used to detect high-risk calves [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The season at treatment was not associated with either the cost of treatment or the treatment duration of BRD. Our previous study revealed a higher risk of BRD in autumn because of the large variations in diurnal temperatures [ 23 ]. A high incidence of BRD was also observed in autumn in the present study, but the cost of treatment and treatment duration in autumn were similar to those in other seasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BRD is also a major disease in Japanese Black cattle (also known as Wagyu cattle), the most common beef cattle breed in Japan. In our previous study [ 23 ], we assessed the incidence of BRD in Japanese Black calves raised on a backgrounding operation and found that more than half of these calves had BRD. Backgrounding operations introduce calves aged 3 to 4 months and raise them until the age of 10 months, and these operations have recently increased in number because they improve the growth efficiency of calves and decrease the burden on small farmers in cow–calf operations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Economic loss due to treatment of bovine respiratory disease in Japanese Black calves arriving at a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki

Sasaki

Iki

Anan

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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The present study assessed the economic loss due to treatment of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in Japanese Black calves that were introduced to a backgrounding operation from the age of 3 to 4 months until the age of 10 months. The data collected from a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki, Japan included the records of 2,690 animals entering the farm from 2013 to 2018. The treatment duration was defined as the number of days from the beginning to end of treatment. The cost of treatment was defined as the total cost of treatment during the treatment duration. The average incidence of BRD was 54.6%, and the relative frequency of calves that had BRD once, twice, and three or more times until they left the farm was 64.4%, 26.8%, and 8.8%, respectively (total recorded diagnoses of BRD: 2,494). Among the 2,494 recorded diagnoses, the average and median duration of treatment of BRD was 5.9 days and 3.0 days, respectively. The average and median cost of treatment was 7,767 and 5,600 Japanese yen, respectively. A prolonged duration of treatment and high cost of treatment were associated with BRD relapse, steers, and early stage of production (P < 0.05). At the studied farm, the total cost of treatment during the 6-year study period was 19,658,988 yen, and the annual cost was approximately 3 million yen. In summary, the present study showed that BRD had a large economic impact in this backgrounding operation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Economic loss due to treatment of bovine respiratory disease in Japanese Black calves arriving at a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki

Sasaki

Iki

Anan

et al. 2022

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

Self Cite

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“…Windeyer et al (2014) reported that the BRD risk for pre-weaned dairy calves in Ontario, Canada [ 8 ] and Minnesota, USA — colder regions located in the subarctic zone, similar to the region in our study — was higher in winter similar to that in the present study. Investigations in Miyazaki, southern Japan and California, USA — warmer regions located in temperate zones — indicated that BRD risk was higher in autumn [ 7 , 35 ]. Such discordance might be explained by the differences in the climate in these study areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Additive Bayesian network analysis of the relationship between bovine respiratory disease and management practices in dairy heifer calves at pre-weaning stage

et al. 2021

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Background Nursery farms that accept nursing and growing pre-weaned heifer calves from private dairy farms must work to prevent bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Knowledge of the BRD-associated risk factors related to calf management and calves’ condition will help to develop appropriate neonatal management practices at original farms and to identify calves at higher risk for BRD at nursery farms. In this study, the relationship between BRD and calf management practices (colostrum feeding, dam parity, serum total protein concentration at introduction (TP), body weight at introduction, introduction season, and daily average growth) was investigated using observational data from pre-weaned dairy calves introduced into a nursery farm in Hokkaido, Japan between 2014 and 2018 (n = 3185). Using additive Bayesian network (ABN) analysis, which is a multivariate statistical modelling approach, the direct and indirect associations between these factors were assessed. Results Colostrum feeding contributed to an increase in TP (correlation 1.02 [95 % CI, 0.94;1.10]), which was negatively associated with BRD directly (log odds ratio − 0.38 [− 0.46;−0.31]) and indirectly through increasing daily growth (correlation 0.12 [0.09;0.16]). Calves of multiparous dams had higher body weight at introduction (correlation 0.82 [0.74;0.89]), which indirectly reduced BRD risk through the increasing daily growth (correlation 0.17 [0.14;0.21]). Calves introduced during winter had the highest risk for BRD (log odds ratio 0.29 [0.15;0.44]), while those introduced in summer had the lowest risk (log odds ratio − 0.91 [− 1.06;−0.75]). The introduction season was also associated with BRD indirectly through dam parity, body weight at introduction, and daily growth. Conclusions The following calf management practices are recommended for preventing BRD in pre-weaned calves at nursery farms: (1) encouraging colostrum feeding to neonatal calves at their original farms; and (2) identifying calves with higher BRD risk, i.e., those without feeding colostrum, born to primiparous cattle, with low body weight at introduction, and/or introduced in winter, and paying intensive attention to the calves for rapid detection of BRD. ABN analysis applied enabled us to understand the complex inter-relationships between BRD incidence and the risk factors, which will help to reduce BRD incidence and to rear healthy calves at nursery farms.

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Assessment of Ventral Tail Base Surface Temperature for the Early Detection of Japanese Black Calves with Fever

Sasaki

Iki

Anan

et al. 2023

Animals

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The objective in the present study was to assess the ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) for the early detection of Japanese Black calves with fever. This study collected data from a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki, Japan, that included 153 calves aged 3–4 months. A wearable wireless ST sensor was attached to the surface of the ventral tail base of each calf at its introduction to the farm. The ventral tail base ST was measured every 10 min for one month. The present study conducted an experiment to detect calves with fever using the estimated residual ST (rST), calculated as the estimated rST minus the mean estimated rST for the same time on the previous 3 days, which was obtained using machine learning algorithms. Fever was defined as an increase of ≥1.0 °C for the estimated rST of a calf for 4 consecutive hours. The machine learning algorithm that applied was a random forest, and 15 features were included. The variable importance scores that represented the most important predictors for the detection of calves with fever were the minimum and maximum values during the last 3 h and the difference between the current value and 24- and 48-h minimum. For this prediction model, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity were 98.8%, 72.1%, and 88.1%, respectively. The present study indicated that the early detection of calves with fever can be predicted by monitoring the ventral tail base ST using a wearable wireless sensor.

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Associations between calf factors of Japanese Black calves arriving at a backgrounding operation and bovine respiratory disease

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Economic loss due to treatment of bovine respiratory disease in Japanese Black calves arriving at a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki

Economic loss due to treatment of bovine respiratory disease in Japanese Black calves arriving at a backgrounding operation in Miyazaki

Additive Bayesian network analysis of the relationship between bovine respiratory disease and management practices in dairy heifer calves at pre-weaning stage

Assessment of Ventral Tail Base Surface Temperature for the Early Detection of Japanese Black Calves with Fever

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