Associations Between Body Weight, Hippocampal Volume, and Tissue Signal Intensity in 12‐ to 18‐Year‐Olds

Mestre, Zoé; Bischoff‐Grethe, Amanda; Wierenga, Christina E.; Jernigan, Terry L.; Eichen, Dawn M.; Chang, Linda; Ernst, Thomas; Boutelle, Kerri N.

doi:10.1002/oby.22841

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It may also be possible that excess body weight may differentially influence hippocampal structure in children and adolescents. In a recent study in older adolescents, BMI z-score was significantly associated with reduced hippocampal T2-weighted signal intensity, but not volume (Mestre et al, 2020). Together with the present results, these findings suggest BMI may influence hippocampal volume in childhood and tissue composition in late adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…However, several cross-sectional studies that considered BMI across the weight spectrum, as opposed to testing for group differences using clinical obesity cut-offs, have not found a significant association (Masterson, Bobak, Rapuano, Shearrer, & Gilbert-Diamond, 2019;Mestre et al, 2020;Perlaki et al, 2018;Yau, Kang, Javier, & Convit, 2014). It is possible that these effects are subtle in nature and by employing shape analysis, we are able to probe the dosedependent effect of body mass on regional hippocampal structure that is typically obscured with whole-volumetric approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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The effect of body mass index on hippocampal morphology and memory performance in late childhood and adolescence

et al. 2020

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Childhood obesity is associated with negative physiological and cognitive health outcomes. The hippocampus is a diverse subcortical structure involved in learned feeding behaviors and energy regulation, and research has shown that the hippocampus is vulnerable to the effects of excess adiposity. Previous studies have demonstrated reduced hippocampal volume in overweight and obese children; however, it is unclear if certain subregions are selectively affected. The purpose of this study was to determine how excess body weight influences regional hippocampal surface morphology and memory performance in a large cross-sectional cohort of 588 children and adolescents between 8.33 and 19.92 years of age using body mass index expressed as a percentage of the 95th percentile cutoff (%BMIp95). We demonstrate %BMIp95 is associated with reduced radial thickness in the superior anterior region of the left hippocampus, and this relationship is predominantly driven by children younger than 14 years. We also found %BMIp95 was associated with worse performance on a spatial episodic memory task and this relationship was partially mediated by the radial thickness of the significant shape cluster. These results demonstrate the differential influence of excess body weight on regional hippocampal structure and hippocampal-dependent behavior in children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

The effect of body mass index on hippocampal morphology and memory performance in late childhood and adolescence

et al. 2020

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“…Hippocampus is sensitive to diet and contributes to the regulation of food intake through the integration of hormonal (e.g., ghrelin, leptin) and cognitive (e.g., memory, learning, craving) signals (Stevenson & Francis, 2017 ). However, the relationship between hippocampal volume and weight status remains unclear as some studies have reported no association in children (Adise et al, 2021 ; Ou et al, 2016 ; Perlaki et al, 2018 ) or adolescents (Z. Mestre et al, 2020 ), while other studies show a mixed pattern of results. There is evidence that greater child weight status is associated with both lower left hippocampal volume (Bauer et al, 2015 ; Z. L. Mestre et al, 2017 ) and higher right hippocampal volume (Masterson, Bobak et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the relationship between hippocampal volume and weight status remains unclear as some studies have reported no association in children (Adise et al, 2021;Ou et al, 2016;Perlaki et al, 2018) or adolescents (Z. Mestre et al, 2020), while other studies show a mixed pattern of results. There is evidence that greater child weight status is associated with both lower left hippocampal volume (Bauer et al, 2015;Z.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure, satiety responsiveness, and weight status

Higgins

Keller

Aruma

et al. 2022

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration has been associated with differences in neural development, better satiety responsiveness, and decreased risk for childhood obesity. Given hippocampus sensitivity to diet and potential role in the integration of satiety signals, hippocampus may play a role in these relationships. We conducted a secondary analysis of 149, 7-11-year-olds (73 males) who participated in one of five studies that assessed neural responses to food cues. Hippocampal grey matter volume was extracted from structural scans using CAT12, weight status was assessed using age-and sex-adjusted body mass index (%BMI p85 ), and parents reported exclusive breastfeeding duration and satiety responsiveness (Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire). Separate path models for left and right hippocampus tested: (1) the direct effect of exclusive breastfeeding on satiety responsiveness and its indirect effect through hippocampal grey matter volume; (2) the direct effect of hippocampal grey matter volume on %BMI p85 and its indirect effect through satiety responsiveness. %BMI p85 was adjusted for maternal education, yearly income, and premature birth while hippocampal grey matter volume was adjusted for total intercranial volume, age, and study from which data were extracted. Longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with greater bilateral hippocampal grey matter volumes. In addition, better satiety responsiveness and greater left hippocampal grey matter volume were both associated with lower %BMI p85 . However, hippocampal grey matter volumes were not associated with satiety responsiveness.Although no relationship was found between breastfeeding and child weight status, these results highlight the potential impact of exclusive breastfeeding duration on the hippocampal structure.

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“…Both adults and children with obesity show smaller hippocampal volumes, relative to those with healthy weight [ 137 , 139 , 140 ]. A large study among adolescents across the weight spectrum showed that BMI was not associated with hippocampal volume but was associated with measures of tissue integrity [ 141 ].…”

Section: Neural Understandings Of Fcr In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food cue reactivity: Neurobiological and behavioral underpinnings

Kanoski

Boutelle

2022

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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The modern obesogenic environment contains an abundance of food cues (e.g., sight, smell of food) as well cues that are associated with food through learning and memory processes. Food cue exposure can lead to food seeking and excessive consumption in otherwise food-sated individuals, and a high level of food cue responsivity is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Similar food cue responses are observed in experimental rodent models, and these models are therefore useful for mechanistically identifying the neural circuits mediating food cue responsivity. This review draws from both experimental rodent models and human data to characterize the behavioral and biological processes through which food-associated stimuli contribute to overeating and weight gain. Two rodent models are emphasized – cue-potentiated feeding and Pavlovian-instrumental transfer – that provide insight in the neural circuits and peptide systems underlying food cue responsivity. Data from humans are highlighted that reveal physiological, psychological, and neural mechanisms that connect food cue responsivity with overeating and weight gain. The collective literature identifies connections between heightened food cue responsivity and obesity in both rodents and humans, and identifies underlying brain regions (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus) and endocrine systems (ghrelin) that regulate food cue responsivity in both species. These species similarities are encouraging for the possibility of mechanistic rodent model research and further human research leading to novel treatments for excessive food cue responsivity in humans.

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Associations Between Body Weight, Hippocampal Volume, and Tissue Signal Intensity in 12‐ to 18‐Year‐Olds

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

The effect of body mass index on hippocampal morphology and memory performance in late childhood and adolescence

The effect of body mass index on hippocampal morphology and memory performance in late childhood and adolescence

Influence of exclusive breastfeeding on hippocampal structure, satiety responsiveness, and weight status

Food cue reactivity: Neurobiological and behavioral underpinnings

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