Associations among Strength, Steadiness, and Hand Function across the Adult Life Span

Marmon, Adam R.; Pascoe, Michael A.; Schwartz, Robert S.; Enoka, Roger M.

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181f3f3ab

Cited by 101 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Older adults tend to have poor force control or steadiness [14,15,17]. Compared to young adults, older adults readjust their hand position on the grasped object more often and demonstrate greater variations in their prehension patterns, such as tripod pinch or lateral pinch, when retrieving coins from a purse of pouring milk from a container [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, aging has an adverse effect on steadiness [16] with older adults having less control of force output. Steadiness is defined as the ability to exert a constant submaximal force, and it is more strongly associated with fine motor coordination and precision than is grip strength [17]. In summary, the literature suggests that hand function in older adults is influenced by three factors: force generation (muscle strength); force need (force control); and force consistency (steadiness).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting hand function in older adults: evaluations of grip strength, arm curl strength, and manual dexterity

et al. 2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting hand function in older adults: evaluations of grip strength, arm curl strength, and manual dexterity

et al. 2016

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“…53 Upper extremity muscles have a greater proportion of fast-twitch muscle fibers than the quadriceps. 54 Because sensorimotor function and balance are necessary for negotiating daily environments 55,56 and adequate hand strength is required for performance of fine motor tasks, 57 these findings are important. All 3 of these agents are included in the backbone of current treatment protocols for children with ALL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy balance and fitness in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ness

DeLany

Kaste³

et al. 2015

Blood

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• Elimination of cranial radiation from therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia has improved bodycomposition outcomes.• Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated without cranial radiation remain at risk for impaired fitness.There is limited information on body composition, energy balance, and fitness among survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), especially those treated without cranial radiation therapy (CRT). This analysis compares these metrics among 365 ALL survivors with a mean age of 28.6 6 5.9 years (149 treated with and 216 without CRT) and 365 age-, sex-, and race-matched peers. We also report risk factors for outcomes among survivors treated without CRT. Male survivors not exposed to CRT had abnormal body composition when compared with peers (% body fat, 26.2 6 8.2 vs 22.7 6 7.1). Survivors without CRT had similar energy balance but had significantly impaired quadriceps strength (221.9 6 6.0 Newton-meters [Nm]/kg, 60°/s) and endurance (211.4 6 4.6 Nm/kg, 300°/s), exercise capacity (22.0 6 2.1 ml/kg per minute), low-back and hamstring flexibility (24.7 6 1.6 cm), and dorsiflexion range of motion (23.1 6 0.9°) and higher modified total neuropathy scores (11.6 6 1.1) than peers. Cumulative asparaginase dose ‡120 000 IU/m 2 was associated with impaired flexibility, vincristine dose ‡39 mg/m 2 with peripheral neuropathy, glucocorticoid (prednisone equivalent) dose ‡8000 mg/m 2 with hand weakness, and intrathecal methotrexate dose ‡225 mg with dorsiflexion weakness. Physical inactivity was associated with hand weakness and decreased exercise capacity. Smoking was associated with peripheral neuropathy. Elimination of CRT from ALL therapy has improved, but not eliminated, body-composition outcomes. Survivors remain at risk for impaired fitness. (Blood. 2015;125(22):3411-3419)

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“…This nding shows that noise intervention also affects motor control in human subjects. As the steadiness of low-intensity force output is an important parameter for daily activities such as postural control [7] and ne hand work [8], noise intervention to enhance motor control would be bene cial to frail individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Minute Electrical Noise to Muscle Proprioception Modulates Excitability of Alpha Motor Neuron Group

Taki

Shiozawa

Kimura

2017

ABE

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It has been shown that injection of a minute electrical noise to an afferent input enhances the steadiness of force output, while reducing the variability of motor unit discharge intervals. To elucidate the involvement of alpha motor neurons in this noise effect, the effect of electrical noise injection into the soleus muscle (SOL) on the excitability of the alpha motor neuron group was examined. Nine young human subjects lying supine on a bed received a minute, subthreshold electrical whitenoise-like stimulation to the SOL. In each subject, a 20-min trial with noise (Noise) and another 20-min trial without noise as control (Con) were performed in random order. The H-waves and M-waves were successively elicited at 1 Hz during each trial. The results showed that the static properties (mean, standard deviation, and coef cient of variation) of H-wave and M-wave amplitude uctuations were not different between Noise and Con conditions (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the scaling exponent α, a dynamic property of the uctuation of H-and M-wave amplitude, decreased signi cantly under Noise condition in H-wave amplitude (p < 0.05), but was unchanged in M-wave amplitude (p > 0.05). These results indicate that application of electrical noise to the afferent input affects the dynamic properties of motor neuron excitability, thus supporting the notion that the motor neurons are involved in the effect of noise injection on the motor control system.

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Associations among Strength, Steadiness, and Hand Function across the Adult Life Span

Abstract: The relation between measures of steadiness and hand function suggests that the physiological mechanisms responsible for differences in steadiness also contribute to differences in the performance of fine motor tasks with the hand.

Cited by 101 publications

References 31 publications

Predicting hand function in older adults: evaluations of grip strength, arm curl strength, and manual dexterity

Predicting hand function in older adults: evaluations of grip strength, arm curl strength, and manual dexterity

Energy balance and fitness in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Application of Minute Electrical Noise to Muscle Proprioception Modulates Excitability of Alpha Motor Neuron Group

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