Associations among polychronicity, goal orientation, and error orientation

Time Is Money: Polychronicity as a Predictor of Performance Across Job Levels

“…To this end, multiple studies have been conducted that included polychronicity alongside other individual differences predictor measures, and research has accumulated on the construct validity of polychronicity. Specifically, a variety of traits and dispositions have shown convergent validity with polychronicity, including Extroversion (Conte & Gintoft, 2005;Conte & Jacobs, 2003;Kinney, 2007), general mental ability (Conte & Jacobs, 2003;Kinney, 2007), Openness (Kinney, 2007), Agreeableness (Kinney, 2007), stress tolerance (Kinney, 2007), achievement striving (Kinney, 2007), Type A personality (Conte, Rizzuto, & Steiner, 1999), and learning and performance-avoid goal orientation (Schell & Conte, 2008). Constructs showing discriminant validity with polychronicity include Conscientiousness (Conte & Jacobs, 2003;Kinney, 2007) and performance-prove goal orientation (Schell & Conte, 2008).…”

“…With the exception of the work by Conte and his colleagues (e.g., Conte & Gintoft, 2005;Conte & Jacobs, 2003;Schell & Conte, 2008), little is known about the conditions and context under which polychronicity relates to work outcomes. In their work, for example, individual variability in polychronicity has been shown to relate to work outcomes such as absences, lateness, and supervisor ratings for a job with low polychronic demands (Conte & Jacobs, 2003).…”

From Polychronicity to Multitasking: The Warping of Time Across Disciplinary Boundaries

“…These include the extent to which different orientations toward time are suppressed or guided by institutions and the extent to which individuals with different orientations toward time are guided into the occupations that best absorb them. Schell and Conte (2008) suggest that “polychronic individuals prefer multitasking environments” and imply that they will choose their occupations accordingly (291). Levine (1999), in his classic comparison among cities, takes this even further, suggesting that a city's “pace of life” attracts certain personality types which, in turn, reinforce a city's pace of life (156).…”

“…When attention is focused on variation within groups, differences are not necessarily attributed to, nor regarded as indicative of, cultural differences. Schell and Conte (2008), for example, correlate IPV score with a tolerance for committing errors. Bluedorn and Martin (2008) correlate IPV score with a preference for working fast.…”

“…While Hall is concerned with the cultural construction of time across the spectrum of human activities, quantitative approaches to polychronicity are limited to the work environment. Schell and Conte (2008), for example, while citing Hall, define polychronicity and monochronicity as follows:…”