Associations Among Milk Yield, Yield Persistency, Conception, and Culling of Israeli Holstein Dairy Cattle

Bar-Anan, R.; Maymon, Ron; Wiggans, G.R.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)80835-3

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Among the various determinants of profitability in a dairy herd, lactation persistence is considered as one of the most important parameters (Bar Anan et al, 1985;Stelwagen, 2001). Milk yield in dairy cows can be increased by a variety of means, including improv- Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression

Alex

Collier

Hadsell

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Milking frequency is known to affect milk production and lactation persistence in dairy cows. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying this effect are only partially understood. Previous work in dairy cows examining increases in milk yield due to increased milking frequency have identified changes in apoptosis and expression of genes regulating cytokine signaling. In addition, changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and function have been suggested to play a role during the lactation cycle in regulating milk production. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that, when maintained over an entire lactation, extreme differences in milking frequency would be reflected in differences in apoptosis, mammary mitochondrial number, and the mammary expression of genes known to inhibit cytokine signaling. Primiparous Holstein cows (n=6) were assigned to the study 40d before parturition after which 1 udder half was milked once daily (1×) and the other 4 times daily (4×) Mammary biopsies were collected at 15, 60, 120, and 230d of lactation. Average milk yield from the 4× side was 3 times higher than from the 1× side. Analysis of milk composition revealed that protein, lactose, and solids-not-fat percentages were lower in 1× than 4× udder halves. Mammary cell apoptosis was not affected by milking frequency. Mammary cell mitochondrial number, as estimated by succinate dehydrogenase staining, was higher in early lactation, decreasing as days in milk increased, and with increased milking frequency. Although mammary expression of α-lactalbumin (LALBA) and β-casein (CSN2) was significantly increased in 4× glands, the expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling were similar between 1×- and 4×-milked halves. These results support the conclusion that changes in milk production in response to extreme differences in milking frequency may be related to alterations in mitochondrial number and lactose synthesis, but not apoptosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression

Alex

Collier

Hadsell

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Many studies have shown an antagonistic relationship between milk production, especially at peak, and cow fertility (reviewed by Muir et al, 2004). Bar-Anan and Wiggans (1985) first demonstrated a positive genetic correlation between PER and female fertility. Muir et al (2004) suggested that selection for increased PER might increase total yields without increasing disease occurrence or reproductive failure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Analysis of Persistency in the Israeli Holstein Population by the Multitrait Animal Model

Weller

Ezra²,

Leitner³

2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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Persistency was defined as the predicted milk production 180 d after peak divided by peak production (in %). Heritability of persistency in a multitrait analysis including parities 1 through 5 increased from 0.16 to 0.27 from first through third parity, and then declined through fifth parity. Genetic correlations for persistency between consecutive parities were all > 0.8. First-parity genetic correlations of the traits included in the Israeli selection index with persistency were all < 0.1, except for fertility and herdlife, which were 0.20 and 0.25; whereas second-parity genetic correlations of persistency with the 3 milk production traits were all > 0.34, and the genetic correlation with fertility was only 0.10. The genetic correlation between second-parity persistency and herdlife was 0.58. Persistency in the Israeli Holstein population was analyzed by the multitrait animal model. The genetic trend since 1985 for the multiparity index was 0.22% persistency/yr, even though there was no direct selection on persistency.

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“…This is, firstly, because some of these results were obtained from very high-producing cows in Israel (Bar-Anan et al 1985) and California (Lean et al 1989) under systems of production which are very different from pastoral systems. Secondly, it is because New Zealand cows are sometimes restricted in intake at peak of lactation but can still achieve comparatively high conception rates (60 to 65%) at first insemination (Macmillan et al 1996).…”

Section: Peaks Of Lactation Persistency and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, even though the negative association between high genetic merit (O'Farrell et al 1997;Jonsson et al 1997b;Mayne 1998) or high peak yield (Bar-Anan et al 1985;Lean et al 1989;Macmillan et al 1996) and fertility cannot be ignored, its importance under pastoral conditions is less certain. This is, firstly, because some of these results were obtained from very high-producing cows in Israel (Bar-Anan et al 1985) and California (Lean et al 1989) under systems of production which are very different from pastoral systems.…”

Section: Peaks Of Lactation Persistency and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, high lactation yields from dairy cows which have comparatively lower milk yields at peak of lactation but greater persistency rates are less antagonistic to fertility (Bar-Anan et al 1985), in association with a smaller negative energy balance (NEB) in the cows. However, while the NEB is correlated with the level of peak production, it does not depend strictly on the latter (Macmillan et al 1996).…”

Section: Peaks Of Lactation Persistency and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of time of calving on the productivity of pasture‐based dairy systems: A review

García¹,

Holmes

1999

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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Effects of season of calving, date of calving within season, and pattern of calving on different components of pasture-based systems of dairying and on the system as a whole are reviewed. Season and pattern of calving can influence the shape of the lactation curve (by influencing the level of yield at peak of lactation, the rate of decline after the peak, or the total days in milk), the annual milk yield and milk composition, the herd's reproductive performance, and animal health. For systems in which the cows calve in spring, an earlier study reported small advantages from later calving, whereas more recent studies have shown advantages from earlier calving. These latter advantages resulted from extra days in milk, provided that sufficient feed was available for the herd in early lactation. A combination of early calving and extra feed in early lactation may achieve the benefits and avoid the disadvantages of early calving. Comparisons between autumn and spring calving systems showed that autumn-calved cows require more supplements during early lactation (winter) and usually have lower daily milk yields at peak lactation than spring-calved cows. However, autumn-calved cows can have higher annual yields of milk and milksolids than spring-calved cows, mainly as a consequence of both longer lactations A98066Received 23 December 1998; accepted 28 April 1999 and higher daily milk yields during late lactation. Time of calving is a key element in construction of the farming system, which can be integrated with stocking rate, pasture supply, and availability of supplementary feed.

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Associations Among Milk Yield, Yield Persistency, Conception, and Culling of Israeli Holstein Dairy Cattle

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression

Milk yield differences between 1× and 4× milking are associated with changes in mammary mitochondrial number and milk protein gene expression, but not mammary cell apoptosis or SOCS gene expression

Genetic Analysis of Persistency in the Israeli Holstein Population by the Multitrait Animal Model

Effects of time of calving on the productivity of pasture‐based dairy systems: A review

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