Associations among maternal socioeconomic status in childhood and pregnancy and hair cortisol in pregnancy

Enlow, Michelle Bosquet; Sideridis, Georgios D.; Chiu, Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda; Nentin, Farida; Howell, Elizabeth A.; Grand, Blake A. Le; Wright, Rosalind J.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.017

Cited by 29 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Generally, cortisol levels increase during pregnancy (physiological mechanisms reviewed by de Weerth & Buitelaar, ). Several researchers have shown that hair cortisol levels reliably increase throughout pregnancy (Bosquet Enlow et al, ; Bowers et al, ; Braig et al, ; D'Anna‐Hernandez, Ross, Natvig, & Laudenslager, ; Scharlau et al, ). Taking into account these normative physiological changes, researchers have assessed the effects of pregnancy cortisol on various outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cortisol in pregnancy interacts with maternal depressive symptoms to predict maternal disrupted interaction with her infant at 4 months

Khoury

Enlow

Patwa

et al. 2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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Disrupted maternal interaction in early infancy is associated with maladaptive child outcomes. Thus, identifying early risk factors for disrupted interaction is an important challenge. Research suggests that maternal depressive symptoms and maternal cortisol dysregulation are associated with disrupted maternal interaction, but both factors have rarely been considered together as independent or interactive predictors of disrupted interaction. In a sample of 51 women, hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) and depressive symptoms were assessed during pregnancy, and depressive symptoms were assessed again at 4‐month postpartum. Maternal disrupted interaction was assessed during the Still‐Face Paradigm at 4 months. Results indicated that HCC and depressive symptoms interacted to predict both maternal withdrawing and inappropriate/intrusive interaction. Withdrawing interaction was associated with high levels of HCC in pregnancy in the context of high depressive symptoms at 4 months; inappropriate/intrusive interaction was associated with high levels of HCC in the context of low depressive symptoms. Thus, high HCC potentiated both forms of disrupted interaction. Results raised questions about the meaning of very low reported depressive symptoms, and underscored the importance of chronic stress physiology and maternal depressed mood as risk factors for distinct forms of maternal disrupted interaction, both of which are deleterious for infant development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair cortisol in pregnancy interacts with maternal depressive symptoms to predict maternal disrupted interaction with her infant at 4 months

Khoury

Enlow

Patwa

et al. 2020

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…The difficulty in trying to understand the socioeconomic impact on outcomes such as neonatal anthropometric measurements across race is in discerning the contextual framework of one’s socioeconomic status. Specifically, life course theories describe how experience across a woman’s lifetime may have a greater influence on birth outcomes compared with those around the time of childbirth [ 33 , 38 , 39 ]. One longitudinal study described differences in health outcomes among poor black, Puerto Ricans and whites of the same income, and found that disparities in health outcomes of blacks and Puerto Ricans relative to their white counterparts could be explained by the concentration of high poverty in the neighborhoods in which blacks and Puerto Ricans reside [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Socioeconomic Factors and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Neonatal Anthropometry

Lambert

Gleason

Pugh

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Disparities in birthweight by maternal race/ethnicity are commonly observed. It is unclear to what extent these disparities are correlates of individual socioeconomic factors. In a prospective cohort of 1645 low-risk singleton pregnancies included in the NICHD Fetal Growth Study (2009–2013), neonatal anthropometry was measured by trained personnel using a standard protocol. Socioeconomic characteristics included employment status, marital status, health insurance, annual income, and education. Separate adjusted generalized linear models were fit to both test the effect of race/ethnicity and the interaction of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic characteristics on neonatal anthropometry. Mean infant birthweight, length, head circumference, and abdominal circumference all differed by race/ethnicity (p < 0.001). We observed no statistically significant interactions between race/ethnicity and full-time employment/student status, marital status, insurance, or education in association with birthweight, neonatal exam weight, length, or head or abdominal circumference at examination. The interaction between income and race/ethnicity was significant only for abdominal circumference (p = 0.027), with no other significant interactions for other growth parameters, suggesting that racial/ethnic differences in neonatal anthropometry did not vary by individual socioeconomic factors in low-risk women. Our results do not preclude structural factors, such as lifetime exposure to poverty, as an explanation for racial/ethnic disparities.

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“…In addition to this, we have accounted for variables from the postnatal period (the infant's first year of life) that may create a stressful environment for the infant. These factors include the family's SES, maternal psychopathology symptoms, maternal feelings about the relationship with their infant, infant exposure to tobacco smoke, and breastfeeding status (Ahnert et al, 2004;Bosquet Enlow et al, 2019;Brennan et al, 2002;Gunnar & Donzella, 2002;J. A. Ludmer et al, 2015;Martinez-Torteya et al, 2015;Tarullo & Gunnar, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of maternal emotional states during pregnancy and early infancy on infant cortisol levels: A prospective study

Hernández‐Martínez

Voltas

Arija

et al. 2019

Infant and Child Development

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Cortisol plays an important role in human body functioning, stress response, and reactivity, and altered cortisol levels have been related to psychopathology throughout life. This study investigates several types of clinical and psychosocial prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors related to morning cortisol levels in 71 12‐month‐old infants. Several sociodemographic, obstetrical, environmental, and psychological predictors were taken into account. Regression models show that prenatal anxiety, type of birth, depressive symptoms at 6 months, and the mothers' feelings about the relationship with their child explain 32.9% of the variance in morning cortisol levels in 12‐month old infants. When sociodemographic, obstetrical, environmental, and psychological variables are taken into account, maternal emotional status and feelings about the mother–infant bonding are the most important factors that explain infant cortisol levels, which suggests that they should be included in obstetric and paediatric care routines to improve infant health. Highlights Cortisol has an important effect on human homeostasis, growth, neurodevelopment, stress response and reactivity; however, altered cortisol levels have been related to psychopathology throughout life. This study aims to investigate, prospectively from pregnancy, several types of clinical and psychosocial prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors related to infant morning cortisol levels at 12 months. When several kind of factors are taken into account (prenatal life events, prenatal and postnatal nicotine exposure, gender, gestational age at birth, infant birth weight, parity, socioeconomic status, maternal psychopathology, breastfeeding status and anthropometry), prenatal anxiety, type of birth, postnatal depression and mothers' feelings about the relationship with their infant are the are the variables that better predict infant morning cortisol levels. Maternal emotional characteristics are the central axis for influencing the development of HPA axis. Healthcare professionals may pay more attention to the mother feelings and emotions along prenatal and postnatal infant development to promote infant mental health.

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Associations among maternal socioeconomic status in childhood and pregnancy and hair cortisol in pregnancy

Cited by 29 publications

References 50 publications

Hair cortisol in pregnancy interacts with maternal depressive symptoms to predict maternal disrupted interaction with her infant at 4 months

Hair cortisol in pregnancy interacts with maternal depressive symptoms to predict maternal disrupted interaction with her infant at 4 months

Maternal Socioeconomic Factors and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Neonatal Anthropometry

The role of maternal emotional states during pregnancy and early infancy on infant cortisol levels: A prospective study

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