Associations among Body Mass Index, Insulin Resistance, and Pancreatic β-Cell Function in Korean Patients with New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Background/AimsWe investigated the associations among body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, and β-cell function in Korean patients newly presenting with type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn total, 132 patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus were investigated. A standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed, and the indices of insulin secretion and insulin resistance were calculated.ResultsA higher BMI was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment values for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and insulinogenic index as well as lower levels of insulin sensitivity index composite (ISIcomp) and disposition index (DI). In multiple regression models, BMI had independent positive associations with HOMA-IR, ISIcomp, and HOMA-β and inverse associations with the DI.ConclusionsOur results showed that BMI had independent positive associations with indices of insulin resistance and an inverse association with β-cell function adjusted for insulin resistance in Korean patients newly presenting with type 2 diabetes.

The Influence of the Brain‐Derived Neurotropic Factor Val66Met ‐Genotype and HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Insulin Resistance in the Schizophrenia and Bipolar Populations

“…This may suggest that glucose regulation is more dependent on genetic factors like BDNF within the schizophrenia population. Of note, is that within our schizophrenia and bipolar disorder samples, the HOMA-IR values are substantially higher than studies in the general population, which is not surprising given the rising incidence of diabetes and metabolic syndrome 36–40 . Studies including controls, subjects with new onset diabetes, those at high risk for diabetes, and HIV patients have HOMA-IR averages of 1.8–2.9 while our population average was much higher at 5.51 and 5.91 (as seen in Table 1) for the schizophrenia and bipolar samples, respectively.…”

Chronic cadmium exposure in rats produces pancreatic impairment and insulin resistance in multiple peripheral tissues

“…Without the priming, tissues do not have an adequate response to the hormone and therefore a poor glucose deposition [8,41,59,78]. Thus was evaluated the insulin deposition index (DI), a composite measure of b-cell function that reflect the true underlying cellular function [15]. This index was markedly decreased in Cd exposed groups, results showing insulin resistance in these rats.…”

“…A number of mathematical models can aid in evaluating insulin sensitivity or resistance, many have been validated in rodents as an approach to study human phenotypes and the response to therapeutic treatments [15,48,80]. In this study, we evaluated insulin resistance using multiple murine models including HOMA-IR, HOMA-S%, QUICKI, and AUC as proposed by Matsuda and DeFronzo [46].…”

“…The mathematical model: homeostasis model for assessment for beta cells (HOMA-b%) [44] has been extensively described and validated to determine the function of these cells. As a complement of the complex cellular changes in hyperglycemias, Selter et al (1967) proposed the insulinogenic index and subsequently Chung et al (2012) added the disposition insulin index, which provides an indirect measure of the ability of different tissues to dispose or utilize circulating insulin [2,14,18,63]. In this regard, Cd has been related with the development of hyperglycemic states [27].…”

“…In the state of insulin resistance, the high levels of insulin can produce b-cells depletion, and eventually diabetes mellitus, therefore, evaluation of b-cells function is very important [15]. The mathematical model: homeostasis model for assessment for beta cells (HOMA-b%) [44] has been extensively described and validated to determine the function of these cells.…”