Associations among Body Composition, Androgen Levels, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in Adolescents

Moscicki, Anna‐Barbara; Ellenberg, Jonas H.; Murphy, Debra A.; Xu, Jiahong

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.11.020

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Studies in children show similar although not identical findings, including abnormal body composition, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia with the use of ART, with increased risk at older age and longer duration of HAART [34–40]. The onset of puberty has been proposed as another factor that is associated with accelerating these changes [41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac effects in perinatally HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed but uninfected children and adolescents: a view from the United States of America

Lipshultz

Miller

Wilkinson

et al. 2013

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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IntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a primary cause of acquired heart disease, particularly of accelerated atherosclerosis, symptomatic heart failure, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Cardiac complications often occur in late-stage HIV infections as prolonged viral infection is becoming more relevant as longevity improves. Thus, multi-agent HIV therapies that help sustain life may also increase the risk of cardiovascular events and accelerated atherosclerosis.DiscussionBefore highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the two-to-five-year incidence of symptomatic heart failure ranged from 4 to 28% in HIV patients. Patients both before and after HAART also frequently have asymptomatic abnormalities in cardiovascular structure. Echocardiographic measurements indicate left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in 18%, LV hypertrophy in 6.5%, and left atrial dilation in 40% of patients followed on HAART therapy. Diastolic dysfunction is also common in long-term survivors of HIV infection. Accelerated atherosclerosis has been found in HIV-infected young adults and children without traditional coronary risk factors. Infective endocarditis, although rare in children, has high mortality in late-stage AIDS patients with poor nutritional status and severely compromised immune systems. Although lymphomas have been found in HIV-infected children, the incidence is low and cardiac malignancy is rare. Rates of congenital cardiovascular malformations range from 5.6 to 8.9% in cohorts of HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected children with HIV-infected mothers. In non-HIV-infected infants born to HIV-infected mothers, foetal exposure to ART is associated with reduced LV dimension, LV mass, and septal wall thickness and with higher LV fractional shortening and contractility during the first two years of life.ConclusionsRoutine, systematic, and comprehensive cardiac evaluation, including a thorough history and directed laboratory assays, is essential for the care of HIV-infected adults and children as cardiovascular illness has become a part of care for long-term survivors of HIV infection. The history should include traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis, prior opportunistic infections, environmental exposures, and therapeutic and illicit drug use. Laboratory tests should include a lipid profile, fasting glucose, and HIV viral load. Asymptomatic cardiac disease related to HIV can be fatal, and secondary effects of HIV infection often disguise cardiac symptoms, so systematic echocardiographic monitoring is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac effects in perinatally HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed but uninfected children and adolescents: a view from the United States of America

Lipshultz

Miller

Wilkinson

et al. 2013

Journal of the International AIDS Society

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“…41À47 The onset of puberty has been proposed as another factor associated with accelerating these changes. 48 Early studies in HIV-infected children showed that PI therapy improved weight, weight-to-height ratio, and mid-arm muscle circumference independent of concurrent decreases in the HIV viral load and improved CD4 T-lymphocyte counts. 49 The immediate treatment effects were most apparent as improved weight and mid-arm muscle circumference and, to some extent, increased height and lean body mass.…”

Section: Accelerated Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with Exposure to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Adverse Cardiovascular Effects

et al. 2015

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Health-Related Physical Fitness Evaluation in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review

de Castro,

de Lima,

Silva

2024

IJERPH

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Background: Health-related physical fitness has been widely used to investigate the adverse effects of HIV infection/ART in children and adolescents. However, methods/protocols and cut-points applied for investigating health-related physical fitness are not clear. The aim of this scoping review was to map the literature to identify gaps in knowledge regarding the methods/protocols and cut-points. Methods: A scoping review, following the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines, was conducted through ten major databases. Search followed the PCC strategy to construct block of terms related to population (children and adolescents), concept (health-related physical fitness components) and context (HIV infection). Results: The search resulted in 7545 studies. After duplicate removal, titles and abstracts reading and full text assessment, 246 studies were included in the scoping review. Body composition was the most investigated component (n= 244), followed by muscular strength/endurance (n = 23), cardiorespiratory fitness (n = 15) and flexibility (n = 4). The World Health Organization growth curves, and nationals’ surveys were the most reference values applied to classify body composition (n = 149), followed by internal cut-points (n = 30) and cut-points developed through small populations (n = 16). Cardiorespiratory fitness was classified through cut-points from three different assessment batteries, as well as cut-points developed through studies with small populations, muscular strength/endurance and flexibility were classified through the same cut-points from five different assessment batteries. Conclusions: The research on muscular strength/endurance, cardiorespiratory fitness and flexibility has been scarcely explored. The lack of studies that investigated method usability as well as reference values was evidenced.

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Associations among Body Composition, Androgen Levels, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in Adolescents

Cited by 3 publications

References 39 publications

Cardiac effects in perinatally HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed but uninfected children and adolescents: a view from the United States of America

Cardiac effects in perinatally HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed but uninfected children and adolescents: a view from the United States of America

Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection with Exposure to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Adverse Cardiovascular Effects

Health-Related Physical Fitness Evaluation in HIV-Diagnosed Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review

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