Association of whole grain, refined grain, and cereal consumption with gastric cancer risk: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Xu, Yidan; Yang, Jie; Li, Du; Li, Ka; Zhou, Yong

doi:10.1002/fsn3.878

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Whole grains contain alk(en)ylresorcinols, benzoxanizoids and phytosteroids, which exerted an inhibitory effect on model human cancer cells [163]. Frequent consumption of whole grains was observed to lower risk of cancer mortality and incidence [164][165][166].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer

et al. 2020

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The aim of current systematic review was to update the body of evidence on associations between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and risk of cancer mortality, site-specific cancer in the general population; all-cause, and cancer mortality as well as cancer reoccurrence among cancer survivors. Methods A literature search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), case-control and cohort studies published up to April 2020 was performed using PubMed and Scopus. Study-specific risk estimates for the highest versus lowest adherence to the MedDiet category were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Certainty of evidence from cohort studies and RCTs was evaluated using the NutriGrade scoring system. Results The updated search revealed 44 studies not identified in the previous review. Altogether, 117 studies including 3,202,496 participants were enclosed for meta-analysis. The highest adherence to MedDiet was inversely associated with cancer mortality (RR cohort : 0.87, 95% CI 0.82, 0.92; N = 18 studies), all-cause mortality among cancer survivors (RR cohort :

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer

et al. 2020

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“…An accumulation of evidence shows that intake of dietary fiber is associated with lower risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia ( 20 ), and inflammation ( 21 ), which are known predisposing factors for cancer ( 22 ); however, evidence of association with BC risk is sparse, with only 2 case-control studies reporting insufficient evidence of an inverse association for intake of whole grains ( 23 , 24 ). In contrast to the beneficial health associations of whole grains containing rich fiber, studies of refined grains mainly show no association with health ( 25–29 ), or harmful associations ( 30 , 31 ), and there is no strong evidence of association with BC risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Grain and dietary fiber intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies

Wesselius

Mehrkanoon

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Higher intakes of whole grains and dietary fiber have been associated with lower risk of insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammation, which are known predisposing factors for cancer. Objectives Because the evidence of association with bladder cancer (BC) is limited, we aimed to assess associations with BC risk for intakes of whole grains, refined grains, and dietary fiber. Methods We pooled individual data from 574,726 participants in 13 cohort studies, 3214 of whom developed incident BC. HRs, with corresponding 95% CIs, were estimated using Cox regression models stratified on cohort. Dose–response relations were examined using fractional polynomial regression models. Results We found that higher intake of total whole grain was associated with lower risk of BC (comparing highest with lowest intake tertile: HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77, 0.98; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91, 0.99; P for trend: 0.023). No association was observed for intake of total refined grain. Intake of total dietary fiber was also inversely associated with BC risk (comparing highest with lowest intake tertile: HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.76, 0.98; HR per 1-SD increment: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82, 0.98; P for trend: 0.021). In addition, dose–response analyses gave estimated HRs of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95, 0.99) for intake of total whole grain and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.98) for intake of total dietary fiber per 5-g daily increment. When considered jointly, highest intake of whole grains with the highest intake of dietary fiber showed 28% reduced risk (95% CI: 0.54, 0.93; P for trend: 0.031) of BC compared with the lowest intakes, suggesting potential synergism. Conclusions Higher intakes of total whole grain and total dietary fiber are associated with reduced risk of BC individually and jointly. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms for these findings.

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“…Several meta-analyses have been published on WG/gastric cancer association, relying primarily or entirely on case-control studies and without dose-response analyses. However, all studies reported that increasing WG consumption was notable in showing a negative association with stomach cancer risk (ranging from 13 to 50% lower risk for highest WG consumers) and/or RG intake generally appeared to be a dose-dependent risk factor (63–65% increment of the risk) ( Table 3 ) [ 92 , 157 , 158 , 159 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 ]. However, it should be recalled that RG-rich diet is usually poor in WGs (and other dietary fiber sources) and associated with unfavorable lifestyles.…”

Section: Whole Grains and Gastric Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Whole Grain Intake on Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Focus on Colorectal, Gastric, and Esophageal Cancers

et al. 2020

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Cereals are one of staple foods in human diet, mainly consumed as refined grains. Nonetheless, epidemiological data indicate that whole grain (WG) intake is inversely related to risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several cancer types, as well as to all-cause mortality. Particularly responsive to WG positive action is the gastrointestinal tract, daily exposed to bioactive food components. Herein, we shall provide an up-to-date overview on relationship between WG intake and prevention of gastrointestinal tumors, with a particular focus on colorectal, stomach, and esophagus cancers. Unlike refined counterparts, WG consumption is inversely associated with risk of these gastrointestinal cancers, most consistently with the risk of colorectal tumor. Some WG effects may be mediated by beneficial constituents (such as fiber and polyphenols) that are reduced/lost during milling process. Beside health-promoting action, WGs are still under-consumed in most countries; therefore, World Health Organization and other public/private stakeholders should cooperate to implement WG consumption in the whole population, in order to reach nutritionally effective intakes.

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Association of whole grain, refined grain, and cereal consumption with gastric cancer risk: A meta‐analysis of observational studies

Cited by 30 publications

References 61 publications

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer

An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer

Grain and dietary fiber intake and bladder cancer risk: a pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies

The Impact of Whole Grain Intake on Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Focus on Colorectal, Gastric, and Esophageal Cancers

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