Association of West Nile virus illness and urban landscapes in Chicago and Detroit

Ruiz, Marilyn O.; Walker, Edward D.; Foster, Erik; Haramis, Linn; Kitron, Uriel

doi:10.1186/1476-072x-6-10

Cited by 139 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…In Detroit and Chicago, Ruiz et al (2007) found WNV to be located in the inner suburbs with 1940-1960 era housing and moderate housing density. Although none of the associations were strong in the Northeast region, they were similar to the North Central region with positive associations with higher income developed areas and wetland areas and negatively associated with forested areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Landscape, demographic and climatic associations with human West Nile virus occurrence regionally in 2012 in the United States of America

2014

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Abstract. After several years of low West Nile virus (WNV) occurrence in the United States of America (USA), 2012 witnessed large outbreaks in several parts of the country. In order to understand the outbreak dynamics, spatial clustering and landscape, demographic and climatic associations with WNV occurrence were investigated at a regional level in the USA. Previous research has demonstrated that there are a handful of prominent WNV mosquito vectors with varying ecological requirements responsible for WNV transmission in the USA. Published range maps of these important vectors were georeferenced and used to define eight functional ecological regions in the coterminous USA. The number of human WNV cases and human populations by county were attained in order to calculate a WNV rate for each county in 2012. Additionally, a binary value (high/low) was calculated for each county based on whether the county WNV rate was above or below the rate for the region it fell in. Global Moran's I and Anselin Local Moran's I statistics of spatial association were used per region to examine and visualize clustering of the WNV rate and the high/low rating. Spatial data on landscape, demographic and climatic variables were compiled and derived from a variety of sources and then investigated in relation to human WNV using both Spearman rho correlation coefficients and Poisson regression models. Findings demonstrated significant spatial clustering of WNV and substantial inter-regional differences in relationships between WNV occurrence and landscape, demographic and climatically related variables. The regional associations were consistent with the ecologies of the dominant vectors for those regions. The large outbreak in the Southeast region was preceded by higher than normal winter and spring precipitation followed by dry and hot conditions in the summer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. These areas experienced high levels of WNV previously, especially in 2002 (Ruiz et al, 2007). The clusters evident in western Texas and northern California are in counties with fairly low populations that have had sporadic higher WNV rates (Sugumaran et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape, demographic and climatic associations with human West Nile virus occurrence regionally in 2012 in the United States of America

2014

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“…Ruiz and others showed that the highest WNV incidence rates in Chicago and Detroit occurred in inner suburbs with intermediate vegetation and population density. 38 Infection rates for WNV in wild birds were highest in urban/suburban areas in a study Georgia. 39 Brown and others investigated WNV disease incidence in the northeastern United States and found higher risk in the urban areas with intermediate forest cover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape-Level Spatial Patterns of West Nile Virus Risk in the Northern Great Plains

Chuang¹,

Hockett²,

Kightlinger³

et al. 2012

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Understanding the landscape-level determinants of West Nile virus (WNV) can aid in mapping high-risk areas and enhance disease control and prevention efforts. This study analyzed the spatial patterns of human WNV cases in three areas in South Dakota during [2003][2004][2005][2006][2007] and investigated the influences of land cover, hydrology, soils, irrigation, and elevation by using case-control models. Land cover, hydrology, soils, and elevation all influenced WNV risk, although the main drivers were different in each study area. Risk for WNV was generally higher in areas with rural land cover than in developed areas, and higher close to wetlands or soils with a high ponding frequency. In western South Dakota, WNV risk also decreased with increasing elevation and was higher in forested areas. Our results showed that the spatial patterns of human WNV risk were associated with landscape-level features that likely reflect variability in mosquito ecology, avian host communities, and human activity.

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“…Elevation data were used to calculate slope using ArcGIS 9.3 (ESRI, Redland, CA). For further details see Ruiz et al (2007) and Loss et al (2009a). Of the eight sites, five can be considered residential areas (S1, S5, S7, S10, S11) and three were ''natural areas'' (WW, SC, EC).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic variability and landscape heterogeneity impact urban mosquito diversity and vector abundance and infection

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Urban habitat heterogeneity can modify interactions across species and lead to spatially fine grained differences in b-diversity patterns and their associated ecosystem services. Here, we study the impacts of landscape heterogeneity and climatic variability on: (1) the richness and diversity patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and (2) the abundance and West Nile virus infection rate of the house mosquito, Culex pipiens, in Chicago, USA. We conducted a four year long study (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008) in 8 sites that captured a gradient of urban heterogeneities. We found a total of 19 mosquito species, a representative sample of mosquito species richness in the area, according to both model estimation (Chao2 6 S.E. ¼ 20.50 6 2.29) and faunal records for Chicago. We found that heterogeneity in the landscape was the best predictor of both mosquito species richness and diversity, with the most heterogeneous landscapes harboring the largest number of species. In general there were no changes in species richness over the years that could be associated with weather patterns and climatic variability (WPCV). In contrast, changes in diversity were associated with WPCV. Our results also showed that WPCV had major impacts on house mosquito abundance and West Nile virus mosquito infection rate (MIR) patterns. Although MIR was independent of mosquito diversity, it was associated with overall mosquito abundance, which had a convex association with species richness (i.e., abundance increases to a point after which it decreases as function of species richness). Finally, our results highlight the importance of considering dominant vector species as part of a community of vectors, whose biodiversity patterns can directly or indirectly impact the risk of infectious disease transmission.

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Association of West Nile virus illness and urban landscapes in Chicago and Detroit

Cited by 139 publications

References 37 publications

Landscape, demographic and climatic associations with human West Nile virus occurrence regionally in 2012 in the United States of America

Landscape, demographic and climatic associations with human West Nile virus occurrence regionally in 2012 in the United States of America

Landscape-Level Spatial Patterns of West Nile Virus Risk in the Northern Great Plains

Climatic variability and landscape heterogeneity impact urban mosquito diversity and vector abundance and infection

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