Association of waterpipe smoking and road traffic crashes

Saadat, Soheil; Karbakhsh, Mojgan

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-639

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In the present study, women with a university education were more likely to smoke a water pipe similar to previous studies [4,28], most probably due to peer pressure [5,6,26]. Considering the fact that people find many friends at their university, it may follow that students smoke a water pipe as a way of spending their leisure time, and this may account for the higher prevalence of water pipe smoking among people with a university education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Prevalence of Water Pipe Use and Its Correlates in Iranian Women of Reproductive Age in Tehran: A Population-Based Study

Baheiraei¹,

Mirghafourvand²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2012

Med Princ Pract

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Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of water pipe smoking and its associated sociodemographic factors among Iranian women of reproductive age in Tehran. Subjects and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study of 1,359 Iranian women aged 15–49 years. The multistage random cluster technique was used to obtain the sample. Questionnaire-based interviews with questions relating to water pipe smoking and sociodemographic variables were used to collect the data. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the relationships between the dependent variable (water pipe smoking) and the independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics). Results: The prevalence of water pipe smoking was 6.3% among Iranian women. Water pipe smoking was more likely in the age range of 15–24 years [odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.7–8.6] compared to the age range of 35 years or older, in women with a university education (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–3.0) compared to women with a high-school diploma or lower, and in women with an average crowding index score (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.1–10.6) compared to women living in small families. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that Iranian women with a university education and the younger age group (15–24 years) were at most risk of water pipe smoking. The findings of this study about associated factors may contribute to the development of efficient health promotion programmes for the prevention and cessation of water pipe smoking.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Different regions designate the water pipe by different names, such as nargile , hookah, shisha , hubbly-bubbly, hubble-bubble, oriental pipe, boory , glase base, goza and mada’a . In Iran, it is known as ghalyan [3,4]. Misunderstandings about the dangers and complications of water pipe smoking are common.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Water Pipe Use and Its Correlates in Iranian Women of Reproductive Age in Tehran: A Population-Based Study

Baheiraei¹,

Mirghafourvand²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2012

Med Princ Pract

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“…The annual incidence rate of RTC in this study was similar to population based estimates in Iran [23]; therefore, the sample included in this study could be considered a representative sample of Iranian drivers. Drivers of ABS equipped vehicles reported less RTCs due to brake failure compared to similar vehicles that were not equipped with ABS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Antilock braking system effectiveness in prevention of road traffic crashes in Iran

Khorasani‐Zavareh

Shoar

Saadat³

2013

BMC Public Health

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BackgroundAnti-lock Brake System (ABS) helps the equipped vehicles to stop under heavy braking, in a shorter distance and with a better control of direction. It was expected that this technology will reduce the rate of fatal road traffic crashes (RTC); however, the outcome is controversial in the real world. The aim of this study is to compare the claimed annual incidence rate and financial losses due to RTCs in ABS vs. non-ABS personal vehicles in Iran.MethodsA telephone survey among drivers of two similar models of personal vehicles was arranged. The studied vehicles were of the same brand and type; but only one of them was equipped with ABS. The number of RTCs, subsequent financial loss, and drivers’ knowledge and perception about ABS were sought. The sample consisted of drivers of 1232 ABS and 3123 non-ABS vehicles.ResultsThe annual incidence rate of RTC involving another vehicle was 145.1 (134.8-155.9) per 1000 vehicle-years and there was not a statistically significant difference between study groups.The incidence of RTC with another vehicle due to brake failure was 50.3 (42.9-58.5) for 1000 non ABS vehicle-years and 30.0 (21.2-41.2) for 1000 ABS equipped vehicle-years. The difference was statistically significant after adjustment for the driver and vehicle's age and the daily driving time. The attributable risk of RTC for non-ABS vehicles was 20/1000 vehicles and the excess fraction was 39.8%. The mean financial loss due to reported RTCs was $987.9 ± $1547.3 US Dollars and there was not a statistically significant difference between study groups. While 61.1% of ABS vehicle drivers reported situations in which they believed the ABS had prevented a crash, 44.1% of them however, they did not know how to use ABS efficiently.ConclusionsLaw enforcement to maintain safe distance and adhere to speed limit while driving, is needed to raise the effectiveness of ABS. This is as necessary as considering mandatory outfitting of ABS. Safety authorities should first consider the global experience and local evidence, before adopting any specific policy in this regard. The drivers need to learn the right way to use ABS for maximum effectiveness.

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“…Furthermore, the study revealed that duration of daily driving and smoking were positively correlated with crashes. However, the year of manufacture of the vehicle was not associated with RTCs (109). Moreover, it was found that the proportion of drivers involved in RTCs decreased over the course of time from 15.90% in the first year of obtaining a driver’s license to 3.13% after 10 years of driving experience (88).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Patterns of Road Traffic Crashes During the Last Two Decades in Iran: A Review of the Literature from 1996 to 2014

Sadeghi‐Bazargani¹,

Ayubi²,

Azami-Aghdash³

et al. 2016

Arch Trauma Res

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ContextDespite considerable attention given to health statistics of road traffic crashes (RTCs), the epidemiological aspects of injuries resulting from RTCs are not fully understood in Iran and other developing countries. The aim of this review was to study the epidemiological pattern and issues arising due to RTCs in Iran.Evidence AcquisitionThe scope of this study involves data from a broad range of published literature on RTCs in Iran. Data collection for this study was conducted by searching for keywords such as traffic accidents, traffic crashes, motorcycle accidents, motorcycle crashes, motorcycle injury, motor vehicle injury, motor vehicle crashes and motor vehicle accidents, Iran and Iranian in various databases such as Embase, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Magiran, Iranian scientific information database (SID) and IranMedex.ResultsThis study comprised of 95 articles. It is evident from this review that a large number of severe RTCs occur due to collision of two or more vehicles and most of the victims are males aged between 30 and 39 years. Male pedestrian, drivers and passengers are more likely to be severely injured in comparison to females. One of the most prevalent causes of death among adults involved in the RTCs are head injuries and the majority of deaths occur prior to hospitalization. Mortality rates for RTCs are higher in summer, especially during midnight among all age groups. The most common individual and environmental risk factors associated with RTCs include lack of attention, getting trapped in the car, listening to music, fatigue and sleepiness, duration and distance and negligence of seatbelt usage while driving.ConclusionsThe findings of the current study will be beneficial in prevention of RTCs and its associated complications and hence will be vital for policy makers, health service managers and stakeholders.

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Association of waterpipe smoking and road traffic crashes

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence of Water Pipe Use and Its Correlates in Iranian Women of Reproductive Age in Tehran: A Population-Based Study

Prevalence of Water Pipe Use and Its Correlates in Iranian Women of Reproductive Age in Tehran: A Population-Based Study

Antilock braking system effectiveness in prevention of road traffic crashes in Iran

Epidemiological Patterns of Road Traffic Crashes During the Last Two Decades in Iran: A Review of the Literature from 1996 to 2014

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