Association of Vitamins D, B9 and B12 with Obesity-Related Diseases and Oral Microbiota Composition in Obese Women in Croatia

Abstract

Research background. Oral microbiota has become an important factor in obesity, but its association with obesity-related diseases and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] and B complex levels is still uncertain. The main aim of the paper was to determine variation in oral microbiota composition regarding vitamin status and obesity-related diseases in obese females from Croatia. We hypothesized that the prevalence of probiotic or pathogen bacteria in the oral cavity of obese women in Croatia depends on vitamin B9 (folic acid), B12, and 25(OH)D serum levels and/or hypertension, diabetes, and prediabetes diagnosis. Experimental approach. To test the defined research hypothesis, female individuals with body mass index (BMI) ?30 kg/m2 (N=70) were recruited to participate in this study. Obese women were divided into groups according to BMI value, diagnosis of obesity-related diseases, and micronutrients blood levels. For the quantitative determination of folic acid, vitamin B12, and 25(OH)D serum levels, an electrochemiluminescence protein binding assay (ECLIA) was performed. Isolated microorganisms from the saliva of obese women were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. Results and conclusions. The present results do not support the hypothesis that the prevalence of probiotic or pathogen bacteria in the oral cavity of obese women in Croatia depends on the level of micronutrients in obese women from Croatia. On the other hand, hypertension and diabetes/prediabetes diagnosis favor the growth of oral pathogens, specifically increased levels of Candida sp. Novelty and scientific contribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing the relationship between obesity, micronutrient level, oral microbiota composition, and the incidence of obesity-related disease. We included only obese women from Croatia, so it is regionally specific. Also, we have shown that oral microbiota composition is not connected with micronutrient deficiencies but only with obesity-related diseases.

Vitamin D Levels and Diabetes Mellitus: A Study on Age, Sex, and Body Mass Index

“…The results of our investigation align with certain studies documented in the current body of literature, while disparities also exist. To begin, it is widely recognized that a correlation exists between vitamin D deficiency and obesity (17,18). This phenomenon can be elucidated by vitamin D being retained within adipose tissue, given its liposolubility as a fat-soluble vitamin (2).…”

The nurse’s role in recognizing dermatological changes in individuals with diabetes mellitus

“…Recurrent Candida infections of the vagina, anogenital area, regions under the breasts, and axillae often occur in individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes (13). In the study of women with obesity and diabetes/prediabetes, the oral microbiota showed specifically increased levels of Candida species (16). In men, the folds of the prepuce and the coronal margin of the penis are prone to balanitis and phimosis (1).…”

Relationship of Vitamin B12 Levels With Different Degrees of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

“…Obesity, which is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat, presents considerable health hazards and has emerged as a significant issue in public health on a global scale [1]. The genesis of this condition is complex and involves a combination of genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental variables.…”