Association of Vitamin D deficiency with dyslipidemia, glycemic control and microalbuminuria in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus in Qatar

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has been found to be associated with 25(OH)D (vitamin D) deficiency. The aim of this study was to the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in T2DM patients in Qatar and the correlation between vitamin D deficiency and other variables such as dyslipidemia and glycemic control and microalbuminuria. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at the Hamad General Hospital medical outpatient clinic, in which adult patients (? 18 years) with type 2 DM were involved, between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2018. Ethical approval was obtained from medical research committee. 
 Results: We recruited 400 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Their mean age was 58.97±10.32 years and the majority were women (52.0%) and Arabs (69.5%). The mean duration of type 2 diabetes diagnosis was 14.94±8.99 years and mean. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 29.5%. A comparison between vitamin D deficiency and non-vitamin D deficiency groups, showed a statistically significant difference in terms of fasting blood sugar (P<0.001), random blood sugar (P<0.001), HBA1c (P<0.001), total cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL (C) (P=0.004), HDL (C) (P<0.001), triglyceride (P<0.001), and Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate (P=0.007). Data analysis showed that a significant negative correlation was found between vitamin D level and fasting blood sugar (r= -0.208, P<0.001), random blood sugar (r= -0.20, P<0.001), HBA1c (r= -0.260, P<0.001), total cholesterol (r= -0.218, P<0.001), LDL (C) (r= -0.176, P=0.004), triglyceride (r= -0.342, P<0.001), and Urinary Albumin Excretion Rate (r= -0.184, P=0.007). Conclusion: Our study showed a significant correlation between vitamin D deficiency and the poor control of T2DM, dyslipidemia, and microalbuminuria. The results emphasize the importance of monitoring vitamin D status in high-risk populations.

Incidence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Association With Microalbuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…Another study in Pakistan has recorded a little lower incidence of VD deficiency in patients with T2DM (41.50%) [ 10 ]. Various studies around the globe have reported a prevalence of VD deficiency in patients with T2DM that ranges from 29.50% to 91% [ 6 , 11 ]. The large range of the prevalence of VD deficiency in T2DM patients could be due to several factors like geographical, racial, dietary, and most importantly the stage of T2DM in patients.…”

“…Furthermore, VD deficiency also causes insulin insensitivity [ 4 , 12 ]. Whereas, adequate replacement of VD not only improves the blood glucose level via controlling the insulin signaling but also protects against cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders by regulating lipogenesis and inflammation [ 4 , 6 , 11 ].…”

“…Vitamin D (VD) is an important hormone that plays a role in the pathogenesis of T2DM by its action on pancreatic B cells and regulation of insulin resistance in body cells [ 4 ]. In previous human studies, it has been shown that VD deficiency leads to impaired glucose tolerance while supplementation of VD along with calcium brings improvement in the metabolism of glucose [ 5 , 6 ]. The prevalence of proteinuria, which is an indicator of renal involvement in T2DM patients, goes up with the decrease in VD level [ 7 ].…”

“…Although association between the VD deficiency and T2DM complications, especially with diabetic nephropathy, has been studied in different parts of the world [ 4 , 6 , 9 ], VD deficiency and its association with microalbuminuria is understudied in Pakistan. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the incidence of VD deficiency and its association with microalbuminuria in patients diagnosed with T2DM.…”

The prevalence of and risk factors for stroke among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Qatar: A hospital-based study

“…This was a secondary post hoc analysis of collected data from our previous study titled "Association of Vitamin D deficiency with dyslipidemia, glycemic control, and microalbuminuria in patients with T2DM in Qatar" [7], which was conducted from January 1, to July 31, 2018. The collected data were used to conduct a new study with modified objectives, without using patients' medical records.…”