Association of vitamin D and polymorphisms of its receptor with antiviral therapy in pregnant women with hepatitis B

Correlation Between Vitamin D Status and HBsAg Antibody Levels in Indonesian Adolescents Immunised Against Hepatitis B

“…33,35 Numerous studies have shown that different immune cells contain vitamin D receptors (VDRs), suggesting that this nutrient may have a role in controlling the immune system. 35,36 Vitamin D has been shown to reduce viral replication in numerous viral diseases, including hepatitis C. 37 It is conceivable that vitamin D could inhibit HBV replication. 24,37 Recent studies have shown that vitamin D greatly affects cytokine production and the control of healthy innate and adaptive immune functions in both animals and humans.…”

“…24,37 Recent studies have shown that vitamin D greatly affects cytokine production and the control of healthy innate and adaptive immune functions in both animals and humans. 24,32,33,[35][36][37] The immune system's response against the antigen will be enhanced by 1.25(OH) 2 D to produce a potent and long-lasting antibody response to vaccination. 27,32,33 Ex vivo experiments on human cells have revealed that vitamin D deficiency and supplementation affect how well an individual's immune system responds to vaccination.…”

“…27,32,33 Ex vivo experiments on human cells have revealed that vitamin D deficiency and supplementation affect how well an individual's immune system responds to vaccination. 38 The body's natural and adaptive defence mechanisms depend on vitamin D. 35,36,38 Steroids control gene expression, turning on and off the body's required protein synthesis, whereas vitamins serve as antioxidants or cofactors in enzymatic activities. By interacting with the nuclear VDR, the active form of vitamin D, 1.25(OH) 2 D, controls >200 genes directly or indirectly.…”

“…By interacting with the nuclear VDR, the active form of vitamin D, 1.25(OH) 2 D, controls >200 genes directly or indirectly. 35,36,38 All immune system tissues and cells contain vitamin D in their nuclei. Additionally, vitamin D influences cells in a paracrine or autocrine manner and is affected by the autonomic nervous system.…”