Association of Visual Field Loss and Mobility Performance in Older Adults: Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study

Turano, Kathleen A.; Broman, Aimee Teo; Bandeen‐Roche, Karen; Muñoz, Beatriz; Rubin, Gary S.; West, Sheila K.

doi:10.1097/01.opx.0000134903.13651.8e

Cited by 167 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Overall findings are that PPWS decreases when visual function decreases with increasing age. Visual field loss, more than visual acuity, is related to the decrease in PPWS [9][10][11][12]. Leat and Lovie-Kitchin [4] correlated mobility performance with aspects of visual function, in both younger and older adults with low vision.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait

et al. 2010

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait

et al. 2010

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“…an upper-field PRL) would likely pose a serious problem in walking, because visual information from beneath the fixation is important for obstacle avoidance. Thus, a lower-field PRL seems to be more advantageous for mobility (Turano et al, 2004).…”

Section: Function-driven Explanation Of Prlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

2005

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), affecting the retina, afflicts one out of ten people aged 80 years or older in the United States. AMD often results in vision loss to the central 15-20 deg of the visual field (i.e. central scotoma), and frequently afflicts both eyes. In most cases, when the central scotoma includes the fovea, patients will adopt an eccentric preferred retinal locus (PRL) for fixation. The onset of a central scotoma results in the absence of retinal inputs to corresponding regions of retinotopically mapped visual cortex. Animal studies have shown evidence for reorganization in adult mammals for such cortical areas following experimentally induced central scotomata. However, it is still unknown whether reorganization occurs in primary visual cortex (V1) of AMD patients. Nor is it known whether the adoption of a PRL corresponds to changes to the retinotopic mapping of V1. Two recent advances hold out the promise for addressing these issues and for contributing to the rehabilitation of AMD patients: improved methods for assessing visual function across the fields of AMD patients using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, and the advent of brain-imaging methods for studying retinotopic mapping in humans. For the most part, specialists in these two areas come from different disciplines and communities, with few opportunities to interact. The purpose of this review is to summarize key findings on both the clinical and neuroscience issues related to questions about visual adaptation in AMD patients.

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“…There are two distinct problems associated with navigating with low vision: obstacle avoidance and wayfinding. Much attention has been given to the problem of how specific visual impairments make it difficult to detect and avoid obstructions along a path (Kuyk & Elliott, 1999;Marron & Bailey, 1982;Turano, et al, 2004;West, et al, 2002). The current study focuses on wayfinding behavior in people with low vision, including their ability to learn unfamiliar layouts and then to use this information to plan and execute paths between specific locations.…”

Section: Low Vision Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Learning Building Layouts with Non-Geometric Visual Information: The Effects of Visual Impairment and Age

2008

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Previous studies suggest that humans rely on geometric visual information (hallway structure) rather than non-geometric visual information (e.g., doors, signs and lighting) for acquiring cognitive maps of novel indoor layouts. This study asked whether visual impairment and age affect reliance on nongeometric visual information for layout learning. We tested three groups of participants-younger (< 50 years) normally sighted, older (50-70 years) normally sighted, and low vision (people with heterogeneous forms of visual impairment ranging in age from 18-67). Participants learned target locations in building layouts using four presentation modes: a desktop virtual environment (VE) displaying only geometric cues (Sparse VE), a VE displaying both geometric and non-geometric cues (Photorealistic VE), a Map, and a Real building. Layout knowledge was assessed by map drawing and by asking participants to walk to specified targets in the real space. Results indicate that low-vision and older normally-sighted participants relied on additional non-geometric information to accurately learn layouts. In conclusion, visual impairment and age may result in reduced perceptual and/or memory processing that makes it difficult to learn layouts without non-geometric visual information.Keywords spatial navigation; wayfinding; visual impairment; low vision; aging; virtual environments; geometric visual information; cognitive maps; landmarks; environmental learning A typical building contains abundant visual features for aiding navigation, from geometric cues about the structural layout of the floor plan to cues unrelated to the layout geometry such as the presence of objects (e.g., pictures, water fountains) and image characteristics (e.g., textures, color and lighting). The current study addresses how two important participant characteristics, visual impairment and age, influence the types of visual information needed for developing an accurate mental representation of a novel virtual environment (VE). First, we ask whether rendering of purely geometrical information is sufficient for navigation in virtual buildings with visual impairment, and whether the addition of non-geometric visual features helps or hinders. Second, because the prevalence of visual impairment is much higher in old age, we ask whether age influences the use of geometric and non-geometric visual information.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Amy A. Kalia, University of Minnesota Twin-Cities, Department of Psychology, N218 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455. Email: kali0080@umn.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPerception. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2009 October 1. Published in final edited form as:Perception. 2008 ; 37(11): 1677-1699. doi:10.1068/p5915. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Geometric and Non-geometric CuesIn this study, geometric cues refer to the spatial configuration of hallways, specifically their length and intersection connectivity. In F...

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Association of Visual Field Loss and Mobility Performance in Older Adults: Salisbury Eye Evaluation Study

Cited by 167 publications

References 23 publications

Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait

Low vision affects dynamic stability of gait

Functional and cortical adaptations to central vision loss

Learning Building Layouts with Non-Geometric Visual Information: The Effects of Visual Impairment and Age

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