Association of Violence With Emergence of Persecutory Delusions in Untreated Schizophrenia

Keers, Robert; Ullrich, Simone; DeStavola, Bianca; Coid, Jeremy W.

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13010134

Cited by 161 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…79 But in 1968, the second edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) 80 recast paranoid schizophrenia as a condition of "hostility," "aggression," and projected anger, and included text explaining that, "the patient's attitude is frequently hostile and aggressive, and his behavior tends to be consistent with his delusions." 80(p34- 36) A somewhat similar story can be told about posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), another illness frequently associated with gun violence. 15 From the mid-19th century though World War II, military leaders and doctors assumed that combat-related stress afflicted neurotic or cowardly soldiers.…”

Section: Framing Health Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Writing in the American Journal of Psychiatry, Keers et al found that the emergence of "persecutory delusions" partially explained associations between untreated schizophrenia and violence. 36 At the same time, a number of seminal studies asserting links between violence and mental illness-including a 1990 study by Swanson et al 37 cited as fact by the New York Times in 2013 38 -have been critiqued for overstating connections between serious mental illness and violent acts. 39 Media reports often assume a binary distinction between mild and severe mental illness, and connect the latter form to unpredictability and lack of self-control.…”

Section: The Assumption That Mental Illness Causes Gun Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four assumptions frequently arise in the aftermath of mass shootings in the United States: (1) that mental illness causes gun violence, (2) that psychiatric diagnosis can predict gun crime, (3) that shootings represent the deranged acts of mentally ill loners, and (4) that gun control "won't prevent" another Newtown (Connecticut school mass shooting). Each of these statements is certainly true in particular instances. Yet, as we show, notions of mental illness that emerge in relation to mass shootings frequently reflect larger cultural stereotypes and anxieties about matters such as race/ethnicity, social class, and politics. These issues become obscured when mass shootings come to stand in for all gun crime, and when "mentally ill" ceases to be a medical designation and becomes a sign of violent threat.

show abstract

Section: Framing Health Mattersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Assumption That Mental Illness Causes Gun Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms

2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The precise role of imagery in paranoid fears is yet to be determined [138, 139]. How paranoia affects social functioning [140, 141], what leads to acting on delusions [142], and what are the societal factors that increase paranoia [143] are important topics for future research. Much of our work has been inspired by listening to patients and trying out strategies during psychological therapy, as indicated in the personal accounts used throughout this review.…”

Section: Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in understanding and treating persecutory delusions: a review

Freeman

Garety

2014

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

298

261

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposePersecutory delusions are a central psychotic experience, at the severe end of a paranoia spectrum in the general population. The aim of the review is to provide an introduction to the understanding of persecutory delusions, highlight key putative causal factors that have the potential to be translated into efficacious treatment, and indicate future research directions.MethodsA narrative literature review was undertaken to highlight the main recent areas of empirical study concerning non-clinical and clinical paranoia.ResultsSix main proximal causal factors are identified: a worry thinking style, negative beliefs about the self, interpersonal sensitivity, sleep disturbance, anomalous internal experience, and reasoning biases. Each has plausible mechanistic links to the occurrence of paranoia. These causal factors may be influenced by a number of social circumstances, including adverse events, illicit drug use, and urban environments.ConclusionsThere have been numerous replicated empirical findings leading to a significant advance in the understanding of persecutory delusions, now beginning to be translated into cognitive treatments. The first trials specifically focussed on patients who have persecutory delusions in the context of psychotic diagnoses are occurring. Initial evidence of efficacy is very promising.

show abstract

“…Untreated schizophrenia was associated with the emergence of persecutory delusions at follow-up, which were associated with violence; therefore, maintaining psychiatric treatment after release can substantially reduce violent recidivism among prisoners with schizophrenia [Keers et al 2014].…”

Section: Forensic Implications Of Lai Apsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a critical appraisal

Brissos¹,

Ruiz‐Veguilla

Taylor

et al. 2014

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

226

200

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Historical background of long-acting injectable antipsychotics Soon after the introduction of antipsychotics (APs) in the 1950s, poor adherence to oral formulations was found to be a critical issue. This led to the development in 1966 of the first long-acting injectable (LAI) AP fluphenazine enanthate, and fluphenazine decanoate some 18 months later, to reduce the incidence of side effects of the former [Johnson, 2009]. Haloperidol decanoate became available in Europe in 1981 and in the USA in 1986 [Knudsen, 1985]. Clinical trial results showed a dramatic reduction in the morbidity of schizophrenia [Gottfries and Green, 1974; Johnson, 2009]. However, the concept of LAIs for schizophrenia was not initially received warmly by the medical profession for fears of increased side effects, lack of efficacy, and the fact this was seen as an attempt by psychiatrists to impose a treatment upon patients without due regard to their feelings or rights [Johnson, 2009] as well as the potential for medicolegal problems [Glazer and Kane, 1992]. However, with subsequent surveys and trials suggesting their benefits [Rifkin et al. 1977; Schooler et al. 1980; Hogarty et al. 1979], LAIs became more widely adopted. The introduction of the oral second-generation APs (SGAs) brought claims of better tolerance and less severe side effects, even though their use may be hindered by metabolic syndrome [Meyer and Stahl, 2009]. They also have potential to prevent or reverse accelerated frontotemporal cortical grey matter decline, and to provide a greater degree of neuroprotection than first generation APs (FGAs) [Keefe et al. 2004; Robinson et al. 2006]. The introduction of SGAs led to a decline in the use of LAI FGAs [Patel et al. 2003; Patel and David, 2005]. However, it soon became clear that atypical characteristics did not bring better adherence rates with oral SGAs. The recent introduction of LAI SGAs allows psychiatrists once

show abstract

Association of Violence With Emergence of Persecutory Delusions in Untreated Schizophrenia

Cited by 161 publications

References 34 publications

Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms

Mental Illness, Mass Shootings, and the Politics of American Firearms

Advances in understanding and treating persecutory delusions: a review

The role of long-acting injectable antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a critical appraisal

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About