Association of UV Index, Latitude, and Melanoma Incidence in Nonwhite Populations—US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 1992 to 2001

Eide, Melody J.; Weinstock, Martin A.

doi:10.1001/archderm.141.4.477

Cited by 160 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While these countries are at high latitudes, a north-south gradient of incidence rates has been observed, even among the northernmost Scandinavian nations (9,52,53). Similar observations have been made among Caucasian populations in the United States (54,55), New Zealand (56), and other nations (48).…”

Section: Geographysupporting

confidence: 55%

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Matthews

Qureshi

et al. 2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

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Melanoma is a potentially lethal cancer that is most commonly cutaneous. The worldwide incidence of melanoma has risen rapidly over the course of the last 50 years. Its incidence is greatest among fair-skinned populations, and in regions of lower latitude. Incidence is greater among geriatric populations, but melanoma is also among the most common cancers found in adolescent and young adult populations. In fact, it is one of the leading cancers in average years of life lost per death from disease. Melanoma incidence varies by sex, which is also associated with differences in melanoma anatomic site. Similar differences by region, ethnicity, age, and sex are observed in mortality rates of melanoma. In the setting of rising incidence and mortality, melanoma bears a heavy health and economic burden. Attributable costs are several billion in nations with greater melanoma incidence. Preventative strategies have been implemented in multiple high-risk regions with variable success. It is imperative that research efforts Epidemiology of Melanoma 4 achieve better understanding of the risk factors and etiology of disease, with the goal to halt and reverse the progressive trend of rising incidence and mortality from melanoma.

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Section: Geographysupporting

confidence: 55%

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Matthews

Qureshi

et al. 2017

Cutaneous Melanoma: Etiology and Therapy

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271

321

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“…Despite advances in medical technology, cancer patients experience various treatment-related ailments. For many years, it has been known that UV radiation from sun exposure is a major cause of skin cancer (Eide and Weinstock, 2005). Radiation therapy, which uses ionising radiation, and chemotherapy use toxic agents that damage tissues and DNA (Eide and Weinstock, 2005;Lopez et al, 2005), often resulting in nausea, depression, fatigue, and impaired cognitive functioning (Hickok et al, 2005;Knobf and Sun, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-treatment skin reactions reported by cancer patients differ by race, not by treatment or expectations

et al. 2007

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Cancer patients may experience skin problems while undergoing chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Frequency of skin reactions may be influenced by skin pigmentation and psychological factors. A Symptom Inventory completed by 656 cancer patients nationwide before and after chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy plus radiation therapy was analysed to determine if treatment type, race (Black vs White), and pretreatment expectations influenced post-treatment skin reactions. Subsequent analysis of a local Symptom Inventory completed weekly for 5 weeks by 308 patients receiving radiation therapy examined severity of reported skin reactions. Significantly more patients receiving radiation therapy had stronger expectations of skin problems (62%) than patients receiving chemotherapy (40%, P ¼ 0.001) or chemotherapy plus radiation therapy (45%, P ¼ 0.003). Overall, expectations did not correlate with patient reported post-treatment skin problems in white (r ¼ 0.014, P ¼ 0.781) or black (r ¼ 0.021, P ¼ 0.936) patients. Although no significant difference was found between black and white patients in their pretreatment expectations of skin problems (P ¼ 0.32), black patients (10 out of 18, 56%) reported more skin problems than white patients (90 out of 393, 23%, P ¼ 0.001). Similarly, the local study showed that significantly more black patients (1 out of 5, 20%) reported severe skin reactions at the treatment site than white patients (12 out of 161, 8%). A direct correlation was observed between severity of skin problems and pain at the treatment site (r ¼ 0.541, Po0.001). Total radiation exposure did not significantly correlate with the report of skin problems at the treatment site for white or black patients. Overall, black patients reported more severe post-treatment skin problems than white patients. Our results suggest that symptom management for post-treatment skin reactions in cancer patients receiving radiation treatment could differ depending on their racial background.

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“…Years of schooling were grouped into 9, 10, 11 and 12 years. Residential socio-economic position (SEP) was based on the town/city of residence, according to a national classification of 10 clusters by geographical units, which we categorized as low (1)(2)(3)(4), medium (5-7) and high (8)(9)(10). 17 Place of residence was classified as urban or rural (< 2,000 inhabitants).…”

Section: Risk Factor Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Country of origin, age at migration and risk of cutaneous melanoma: A migrant cohort study of 1,100,000 Israeli men

Levine

Afek

Shamiss

et al. 2013

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a common cancer with increasing incidence in many parts of the world where light-skinned populations live. We conducted a large-scale nationally representative migrant cohort study to assess country of origin and age at migration as predictors of CM, controlling for possible confounders. 3.55-4.67) and Israeli origin (HR 5 2.92, 95% CI: 2.25-3.79) compared to N. African/Asian origin, adjusted for year of birth, years of education, residential socio-economic position, rural residence and body surface area (or height). Among those of European origin, the adjusted risk was significantly lower for those who immigrated after the age of 10 years (HR 5 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45-0.73) but not for younger ages (HR 5 1.02, 95% CI 0.84-1.23) compared to Israeli born. The high rates of CM among men of European origin and the almost twofold lower risk among those immigrating after age 10 provide solid support for the deleterious role of childhood sun exposure as a risk factor for melanoma. These findings will serve in directing public health and research efforts.Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a common and potentially lethal cancer with increasing rates in many parts of the world, where light-skinned populations live. 1 The rise in incidence is thought to be linked to changing sun exposure patterns, although many aspects of the etiology of CM are not understood or are poorly quantified. 2 Both genetic and environmental factors are related to the pathogenesis of melanoma. Although not all melanomas are sun related, there is clear and convincing evidence that sun exposure, and more specifically ultra-violet (UV) exposure, is a major environmental cause of melanoma, especially in high-risk populations. 3 Melanoma incidence and mortality among Caucasians correlate with latitude of residence and dose of UV radiation, the highest rates being nearest the equator. 3 In areas as geographically diverse as the United States, New Zealand and Australia, the incidence of melanoma is greater at latitudes closer to the equator. However, in the United States, data from 1992 to 2001 demonstrate that the latitude gradient applies only to non-Hispanic whites. 4 Varying CM incidence rates (highest in Australia, New Zealand, white populations in North America/Europe and the Jewish population in Israel) are most likely due to the combination of levels of sun exposure and innate susceptibility. 5 Known risk factors for CM include multiple or atypical nevi, family history, skin phenotype (such as skin pigmentation, hair and eye color), premalignant and skin cancer lesions and actinic damage

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Association of UV Index, Latitude, and Melanoma Incidence in Nonwhite Populations—US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 1992 to 2001

Cited by 160 publications

References 18 publications

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Epidemiology of Melanoma

Post-treatment skin reactions reported by cancer patients differ by race, not by treatment or expectations

Country of origin, age at migration and risk of cutaneous melanoma: A migrant cohort study of 1,100,000 Israeli men

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