Association of Untargeted Urinary Metabolomics and Lung Cancer Risk Among Never-Smoking Women in China

Abstract

Key PointsQuestionWhat is the association of metabolomic biomarkers with lung cancer in women who have never smoked?FindingsIn this case-control study of 275 never-smoking women with lung cancer and 289 never-smoking cancer-free women in China, the metabolite 5-methyl-2-furoic acid was correlated with dietary soy consumption and pathways including 1-carbon metabolism, oxidative stress, nucleotide metabolism, and inflammation and was significantly associated with lower lung cancer risk.MeaningThese findings suggest that certain metabolites and pathways are associated with lower lung cancer risk in never-smoking women and biological processes linked to air pollution may be associated with higher lung cancer risk in this population.

Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

“…Of the 6140 unique articles that were identified based on the literature search strategy, 213 articles were included for full-text review. A total of 53 studies were included in the systematic literature review, of which, 27 studies were categorical studies [ 42 , 43 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 ], 24 studies were concentration studies [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ,…”

“…Included studies were published between 1982 and 2019 ( Table 1 ). Thirty-eight studies enrolled participants from both men and women [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 42 , 43 , 48 , 49 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 ], three studies included only female participants [ 50 , 51 , 72 ], and ten studies included only male participants [ 30 , 39 , 41 , 52 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 63 , ...…”

“…The majority of the studies included participants with any smoking status (33 studies) [ 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 42 , 43 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 75 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 82 , 84 ]. Eight studies included active smokers exclusively [ 41 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 66 , 67 , 76 , 83 ] and three studies only included participants who had never been smokers [ 63 , 72 , 77 ]. Nine studies did not report the smoking status of their participants [ 26 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 39 ,…”

“…Most of the studies were conducted in Asia (22 studies) [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 31 , 36 , 41 , 52 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 72 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 81 , 82 ], followed by Europe (18 studies) [ 30 , 35 , 42 , 43 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 71 , 79 , 80 , 84 ] and the USA (7 studies) [ 34 , 39 , 40 , 62 , 65 , 69 , 83 ]. Two studies involved patient cohorts from the USA, Europe, Asia and Australia [ 68 , 70 ].…”

“…Serum samples were the most common biological sample collected in the studies (21 studies) [ 26 , 27 , 35 , 36 , 42 , 43 , 48 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 64 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 74 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 83 , 84 ], followed by urine (18 studies) [ 26 , 29 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 71 , 72 , 75 , 77 ], plasma (11 studies) [ 25 , 28 , 30 , 31 , 49 , 56 , 68 , 70 , 73 , 78 , 82 ], blood (2 studies) [ 61 …”