Association of underlying comorbidities and progression of COVID-19 infection amongst 2586 patients hospitalised in the National Capital Region of India: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

This study is conducted to observe the association of diabetes (DM), hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the prognosis and mortality of COVID-19 infection in hospital admitted patients with above mentioned comorbidities. This is a single centre, observational, retrospective study carried out at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Delhi, India. The burden of comorbidities on the prognosis and clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients admitted patients from April 8, 2020, to October 4, 2020. Chi-square and relative risk test were used to observe the association of comorbidities and disease prognosis. A total of 2586 patients were included in the study consisting of 69.6% of male patients. All the comorbidities were significantly associated with ICU admission and mortality. The relative risk showed that CKD is most prone to severity as well as mortality of the COVID-19 infection followed by HTN and DM. Further with the increase in number of underlying comorbidities, the risk of ICU admission and mortality also increases. Relative risk of the severity of COVID-19 infection in younger patients with underlying comorbidities are relatively at higher risk of severity of disease as well as to mortality compared to the elderly patients with similar underlying condition. Similarly, it is found that females are relatively at higher risk of mortality as compared to the males having same comorbid conditions except for the hypertensive patients. Diabetes, hypertension and CKD, all are associated with progression of COVID-19 disease to severity and higher mortality risk. The number of underlying comorbid condition is directly proportional to the progression of disease severity and mortality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11010-022-04485-2.

Insights into COVID-19 and Its Potential Implications for Kidney Dysfunction

“…A meta-analysis found a 1% pooled prevalence of CKD, with approximately 83.9% suffering from severe COVID-19 and a 53% mortality rate [25]. CKD is one of the most prevalent underlying illnesses in COVID-19 hospitalized patients [26,27].…”