Association of Trends in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Seroprevalence and State-Issued Nonpharmaceutical Interventions: United States, 1 August 2020 to 30 March 2021

Abstract

Objectives To assess if state-issued nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are associated with reduced rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection as measured through anti-nucleocapsid (anti-N) seroprevalence, a proxy for cumulative prior infection that distinguishes seropositivity from vaccination). Methods Monthly anti-N seroprevalence during August 1, 2020 – March 30, 2021 was estimated using a nationwide blood donor serosurvey. Using multivariable logistic regression models, we measured the association of seropositivity and state-issued, county-specific NPIs for mask mandates, gathering bans, and bar closures. Results Compared with individuals living in a county with all three NPIs in place, the odds of having anti-N antibodies were 2.2 (95% CI: 2.0-2.3) times higher for people living in a county that did not have any of the three NPIs, 1.6 (95% CI: 1.5-1.7) times higher for people living in a county that only had a mask mandate and gathering ban policy, and 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.5) times higher for people living in a county that had only a mask mandate. Conclusions Consistent with studies assessing NPIs relative to COVID-19 incidence and mortality, the presence of NPIs were associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence indicating lower rates of cumulative infections. Multiple NPIs are likely more effective than single NPIs.

Associations of Temporal Cardiometabolic Patterns and Incident SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among U.S. Blood Donors With Serologic Evidence of Vaccination

“…The National Blood Donor Seroprevalence (NBDS) study was a serial cross-sectional study conducted during 2020 and 2021. 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 The Repeat Donor Cohort (RDC) is a prospective cohort of 152,000 repeat blood donors from Vitalant (>65,000 donors) and American Red Cross (>77,000 donors), which are the 2 largest blood collection organizations in the U.S.…”

“…With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, several blood collection organizations conducted serosurveillance studies of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination among a longitudinal cohort of donors. 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 Some blood donors also provide cardiometabolic health data as part of routine donor screening. Therefore, we evaluated the influences of temporal patterns of cardiometabolic indicators (blood pressure, total cholesterol) on the probability of incident SARS-CoV-2 infection among U.S. blood donors with serologic evidence of vaccination (SISV).…”