Association of Toll like receptor 9 expression with lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer

Abstract

The toll like receptor 9(TLR9) has been suggested to play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells in vitro. However, the expression of TLR9 in human cancer specimens has never been characterized. In this study, we investigated the expression of TLR9 in breast cancer specimens and determined the association between its expression and the clinicopathological features observed. We found that TLR9 expression was significantly higher in patients with breast cancers displaying large tumor size (P = 0.040), lymph node metastasis (P <0.001) or advanced pathological stage (P = 0.006). TLR9 expression was also increased in ER negative breast cancer specimens(P=0.043). Logistic regression analysis revealed that pathological stage(P = 0.007) and TLR9 (P = 0.001) expression were independent factors that influenced axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer. Patients with positive TLR9 expression had a higher progress free survival compared with the TLR9-negative cohort(P=0.037). Therefore we concluded that Lymph node metastasis more likely occur in breast cancer patients with a postive TLR9 status and its expression might serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer.

Naltrexone Inhibits IL-6 and TNFα Production in Human Immune Cell Subsets following Stimulation with Ligands for Intracellular Toll-Like Receptors

“…For example, recognition of self-DNA/protein complexes by TLR9 mediates pDC activation in psoriasis, breaking self-immune tolerance (24). Members of the TLR family, including TLR9, are often ectopically expressed in tumors (39, 40), can induce tumor invasion in vitro (41), and may be an indicator of poor prognosis in vivo . Similarly, expression of TLR9 has been found to correlate with the invasive and metastatic potential of pancreatic carcinoma (42).…”

Screening for transcription factors and their regulatory small molecules involved in regulating the functions of CL1-5 cancer cells under the effects of macrophage-conditioned medium

“…These signaling pathways are all involved in pathways expressing various types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Recently, many studies have confirmed that glioma, breast, prostate, lung, ovarian and esophageal cancer cells are all related to the 'Toll-like receptor signaling pathway' (28)(29)(30)(31). These studies used microorganism-derived TLR ligand to indicate that the TLR expressed in the tumor cells had functional activities (32).…”

The roles of beta-adrenergic receptors in tumorigenesis and the possible use of beta-adrenergic blockers for cancer treatment: possible genetic and cell-signaling mechanisms

“…MMP-2 expression has been found increased in gastric cancer cells125 and CRC 171. MMP-9 was shown to be expressed in many cancer cells, including those associated with NSCLC,172 lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer,173 ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis,174 glioblastoma multiforme,175 and adamantinous craniopharyndioma 176. The secretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by leukemic cells increased the permeability of the blood–brain barrier of the central nervous system by disrupting tight junction proteins 177.…”