Association of toll-like receptor 2 gene polymorphism (rs3804099) with susceptibility to Schizophrenia risk in the Dogra population of Jammu region, North India

Sharma, Isar; Priya, Indu; Sharma, Sakshi; Gupta, Suruchi; Arora, Meenakshi; Mahajan, Ritu; Kapoor, Nisha

doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2022.02.001

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…That study observed an association between TLR2/rs3804099 and an increased risk of developing schizophrenia. 35 Oliveira et al reported associations between TLR2/rs4696480, TLR2/rs3804099, TLR4/ rs1927914, and TLR4/rs11536891 and bipolar disorder, suggesting a pleiotropic effect of TLR genes in psychotic spectrum disorders. 36 The TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 gene polymorphisms analyzed in the present study were not found in LD, suggesting that these variants are subject to a recombination process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 1, 2, and 6 Gene Polymorphisms Support Evidence of Innate Immune Factors in Schizophrenia

Sotelo-Ramírez,

Camarena,

Sanabrais-Jiménez

et al. 2023

NDT

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with an important genetic contribution. Immunological abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenia. Toll-like receptor (TLR) genes play an important role in the activation of the innate immune response, which may help to explain the presence of inflammation in people with this disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 gene polymorphisms in the etiology of schizophrenia. Methods: We included 582 patients with schizophrenia and 525 healthy controls. Genetic analysis was performed using allelic discrimination with TaqMan probes. Results: We observed significant differences between patients and controls in the genotype and allele frequencies of TLR1/rs4833093 (χ2 = 17.3, p = 0.0002; χ2 = 15.9, p = 0.0001, respectively) and TLR2/rs5743709 (χ2 = 29.5, p = 0.00001; χ2 = 7.785, p = 0.0053, respectively), and in the allele frequencies of TLR6/rs3775073 (χ2 = 31.1, p = 0.00001). Finally, we found an interaction between the TLR1/rs4833093 and TLR2/rs5743709 genes, which increased the risk of developing schizophrenia (OR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.75, 3.01]). Discussion: Our findings add to the evidence suggesting that the activation of innate immune response might play an important role in the development of schizophrenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 1, 2, and 6 Gene Polymorphisms Support Evidence of Innate Immune Factors in Schizophrenia

Sotelo-Ramírez,

Camarena,

Sanabrais-Jiménez

et al. 2023

NDT

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“…Although these 2 SNPs were found to be associated with cognition, none were associated with either positive or negative symptoms [143]. Patients belonging to north Indian ethnicity showed a similar association with tlr2 SNP (rs3804099) [144]. This indicates the broad (multiethnic) implications of TLR2 polymorphism in schizophrenia.…”

Section: Geneticsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors

Patlola,

Donohoe,

McKernan

2023

Biomolecules

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are ubiquitously expressed in the human body. They protect the brain and central nervous system from self and foreign antigens/pathogens. The immune response elicited by these receptors culminates in the release of cytokines, chemokines, and interferons causing an inflammatory response, which can be both beneficial and harmful to neurodevelopment. In addition, the detrimental effects of TLR activation have been implicated in multiple neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, multiple sclerosis, etc. Many studies also support the theory that cytokine imbalance may be involved in schizophrenia, and a vast amount of literature showcases the deleterious effects of this imbalance on cognitive performance in the human population. In this review, we examine the current literature on TLRs, their potential role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, factors affecting TLR activity that contribute towards the risk of schizophrenia, and lastly, the role of TLRs and their impact on cognitive performance in schizophrenia.

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“…This work indicates a valuable linkage among TLR4 rs11356889/ rs1927911 minor alleles and schizophrenia. 277 Also in 2022, Sharma 278 and colleagues evaluated four polymorphisms, TLR1/2/4/6 to investigate their function in susceptibility to SCZ in the Dogra population of the Jammu area. A meaningful association of TLR2 (rs3804099) was found in the studied sample, the C allele of rs3804099 was related to an elevated risk for SCZ.…”

Section: Tlr Genetics Studies In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiment suggested a lack of relationship with schizophrenia observed for the target subpopulation for TLR1/4/6. 278 However, Kang et al 279 assessed the coding area of TLR2 SNP to investigate its relationship with schizophrenia together with schizophrenia clinical presentations. The studied population comprised Korean schizophrenia cases healthy subjects.…”

Section: Tlr Genetics Studies In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A meaningful association of TLR2 (rs3804099) was found in the studied sample, the C allele of rs3804099 was related to an elevated risk for SCZ. The experiment suggested a lack of relationship with schizophrenia observed for the target subpopulation for TLR1/4/6 278 . However, Kang et al 279 assessed the coding area of TLR2 SNP to investigate its relationship with schizophrenia together with schizophrenia clinical presentations.…”

Section: Role Of Tlrs In Neuropsychiatric Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of Toll‐like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management

Saleki,

Alijanizadeh,

Javanmehr

et al. 2024

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Neuropsychiatric disorders denote a broad range of illnesses involving neurology and psychiatry. These disorders include depressive disorders, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, headaches, and epilepsy. In addition to their main neuropathology that lies in the central nervous system (CNS), lately, studies have highlighted the role of immunity and neuroinflammation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are innate receptors that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems via adaptor proteins (e.g., MYD88) and downstream elements; TLRs are classified into 13 families that are involved in normal function and illnesses of the CNS. TLRs expression affects the course of neuropsychiatric disorders, and is influenced during their pharmacotherapy; For example, the expression of multiple TLRs is normalized during the major depressive disorder pharmacotherapy. Here, the role of TLRs in neuroimmunology, treatment, and management of neuropsychiatric disorders is discussed. We recommend longitudinal studies to comparatively assess the cell‐type‐specific expression of TLRs during treatment, illness progression, and remission. Also, further research should explore molecular insights into TLRs regulation and related pathways.

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Association of toll-like receptor 2 gene polymorphism (rs3804099) with susceptibility to Schizophrenia risk in the Dogra population of Jammu region, North India

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 1, 2, and 6 Gene Polymorphisms Support Evidence of Innate Immune Factors in Schizophrenia

Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 1, 2, and 6 Gene Polymorphisms Support Evidence of Innate Immune Factors in Schizophrenia

Counting the Toll of Inflammation on Schizophrenia—A Potential Role for Toll-like Receptors

The role of Toll‐like receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders: Immunopathology, treatment, and management

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