Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with cervicitis susceptibility

Abstract

Background Cervicitis is one of the major health problems amongst women caused by infection of various pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) as well as human papillomavirus (HPV), and persistent cervical inflammation is one of the etiologic agents of cervical cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition and subsequent elimination of these pathogens. Variations in the Toll-like receptor genes influence susceptibility to pathogens as well as disease progression independently. Methods Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms, five each of TLR4 and TLR9 genes were analyzed among 130 cervicitis patients and 150 controls either using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism or allele specific-PCR. Results T . vaginalis infection was found at the highest frequency (30.7%) as compared to C . trachomatis (1.5%), N . gonorrhoeae (2.3%) and HPV (4.6%) infections in cervicitis patients. TLR4 rs11536889 CC (age-adjusted OR, 2.469 [95% CI, 1.499 to 4.065]; p < 0.001) and TLR9 rs187084 TC (age-adjusted OR, 2.165 [95% CI, 1.267–3.699]; p = 0.005) genotypes showed the higher distribution in cervicitis patients compared to controls. In addition, TLR4 rs11536889 C allele was shown to increase the risk of cervicitis (age-adjusted OR, 1.632 [95% CI, 1.132 to 2.352]; p = 0.009) compared to controls. The TLR4 haplotype GCA (OR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.38–0.95]; p = 0.0272) and TLR9 haplotype GTA (OR, 1.99 [95% CI, 1.14–3.48]; p = 0.014) were found to be associated with decreased and increased risk of cervicitis respectively. Conclusions TLR4 and TLR9 polymorphisms, as well as haplotypes were shown to modulate the cervicitis risk.

Innate immunity – the hallmark of Helicobacter pylori infection in pediatric chronic gastritis

“…By contrast, no association was encountered between TLR9 rs5743836 (or -1237T/C) promoter polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer[ 38 ]. The role of TLR9 rs352140 polymorphism was assessed in patients with different conditions such as renal transplantation[ 39 ], systemic lupus erythematous[ 40 ], bacterial meningitis[ 41 ], primary immune thrombocytopenia[ 42 ], cervicitis[ 43 ], cervical cancer[ 44 ], or placental inflammation[ 45 ]. In terms of gastropathy and TLR9 rs352140 SNP, the data are scarce.…”

Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from Angiogenesis-Related Genes, ANGPT2, TLR2 and TLR9, with Spontaneous Preterm Labor

“…In turn, the T allele was reported as positively correlated with the susceptibility to RA in studied Caucasian women [ 94 ]. Moreover, in patients with cervicitis, TC heterozygotes for rs187084 were significantly more frequent when compared to the controls [ 95 ]. Thus far, TLR9 rs187084 has been suggested to create a Sp1 binding site that may be functionally important [ 96 ].…”

Modern ideas about the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic nonspecific cervicitis

“…Следует также отметить, что этот препарат в комбинации с ацидофильными лактобактериями способен более эффективно по сравнению с монотерапией клиндамицином предотвращать рецидивы бактериального вагиноза, а также приводить к исчезновению воспалительной реакции ШМ и редукции эпителиальных изменений атипичных клеток плоского эпителия неясного значения (Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS)) [39]. Для второго этапа терапии применяются вагинальные препараты пробиотиков, содержащих лактобактерии, эффективность которых была показана в ряде рандомизированных клинических исследований [40][41][42][43].…”