“…subglutinans), Cronaritium flaccidum and several species of Ophiostoma, and their possible role in transmitting these diseases (Blakeslee et al, 1981;Coutinho et al, 2007;Jankowiak & Bilański, 2013;Lewis & Alexander, 1986). The establishment of the pitch canker fungus, F. circinatum, in nurseries, established and mature Pinus plantations in South Africa (Coutinho et al, 2007;Mitchell et al, 2011;Wingfield et al, 2008) and its presence in South America (Wingfield et al, 2008), undoubtedly increases the importance of these two invasive Pissodes spp.…”