Association of the metabolic syndrome with depression and anxiety in Japanese men: A 1‐year cohort study

Takeuchi, Toshio; Nakao, Mutsuhiro; Nomura, Kyoko; Inoue, Mariko; Tsurugano, Shinobu; Shinozaki, Yasuko; Yano, Eiji

doi:10.1002/dmrr.1041

Cited by 66 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The prevalence (36.5% in men, 37.6% in women) of depressive symptoms (CES_D score C16) among our study population is much higher than that reported in studies on Western populations but is similar to that reported in a previous large-scale study of Japanese workers (38.3% in men, 39.8% in women) [20]. Metabolic syndrome has been shown to be associated with depressive symptoms in studies performed in Western countries [7,9,[21][22][23][24][25][26] and Japan [8,10], although the association is not entirely consistent [11,12]. This inconsistency could be ascribed to the difference in the criteria of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome across studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This inconsistency could be ascribed to the difference in the criteria of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome across studies. Many earlier studies [7,9,11,24,25] used NCEP-ATP criteria, which we also adopted in our study, whereas others used the criteria of the International Diabetes Foundation (IDF) [8,10,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two cross-sectional studies, metabolic syndrome was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of depression in young U.S. women [7] and in Japanese men [8]. Similarly, metabolic syndrome was found to be a significant predictor of depression in prospective studies of middle-aged British adults [9] and Japanese male employees [10], although no such association was observed in large cross-sectional studies of Finnish young adults [11] and Norwegian adults [12]. Among Japanese populations, only two studies (one crosssectional study [8] and one cohort study [10] in the same setting) have reported epidemiologic data on this subject, but both included data for men only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Similarly, metabolic syndrome was found to be a significant predictor of depression in prospective studies of middle-aged British adults [9] and Japanese male employees [10], although no such association was observed in large cross-sectional studies of Finnish young adults [11] and Norwegian adults [12]. Among Japanese populations, only two studies (one crosssectional study [8] and one cohort study [10] in the same setting) have reported epidemiologic data on this subject, but both included data for men only. In the study reported here, we examined the association between metabolic syndrome and its components and depressive symptoms in Japanese men and women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women

Kimura

Matsushita

Nanri

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Evidence is limited on the relation between metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms in a Japanese working population. Methods The study subjects comprised 458 municipal employees (age range 21-67 years) from two municipal offices in Japan. A modified version of the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III was used to define metabolic syndrome. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES_D) scale. Results Depressive symptoms (CES_D C 16) in both the male and female subjects were not significantly associated with metabolic syndrome nor with each component of metabolic syndrome. In men, high fasting glucose was associated with increased prevalence of severe depressive state (CES_D C 23). Conclusions Metabolic syndrome may not be associated with depressive status among Japanese employees.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women

Kimura

Matsushita

Nanri

et al. 2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Various clinical studies have co-related MetS with depression and depressive symptoms, irrespective of gender, obesity status and type 2 diabetes. 22,23 MetS has been linked with depression through functions of HPA axis. Loss of Glucocorticoid receptors may alter hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Depression in Mice

Mukherjee¹,

Sen²,

Banerjee³

2017

IJPER

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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with high blood glucose, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central obesity, and hypertension. There is clinical evidence of the coexistence of depression and MetS, however, pathways associating these diseases are far from clear. In the present study, we evaluate and determine the pathogenesis of depression in MetS animals. Methods: Diet induced (High-fat diet long with 20% fructose water; HFHC diet for 4 weeks) MetS was developed in swiss albino mice. Fasting blood glucose levels, Lipids and blood pressure (BP) was measured in these animals. Development of depression in these animals was determined using forced swim and tail suspension tests. This was followed by measurement of GABA, dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine levels in these animals. We also evaluated the effect of various antidepressants, on MetS associated depression. Results: MetS was induced using high fat and high carbohydrate (HFHC) diet in Swiss albino mice with high fasting blood glucose levels (>250 mg/dl), significantly increased LDL (p<0.001) and triglyceride (p<0.01) and reduced HDL levels (p<0.05) and significant increase in systolic BP; p<0.001) compared to normal controls. MetS animals showed signs of depression with significantly higher (p<0.001) immobility time in forced swim and tail suspension tests. These animals showed significantly lower corticohippocampal norepinephrine (NE) levels (p<0.01) compared to controls. Nortryptaline, showed a dose dependent decrease in immobility time in MetS animals (p<0.001) in both forced swim and tail suspension tests thus reversing MetS induced depression. Conclusion: The above results suggest that MetS may lead to depression in mice which is primarily mediated by NE system.

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Metabolic Profile and Long-Term Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress-Related Disorders

Chourpiliadis,

Zeng,

Lovik

et al. 2024

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceBiomarkers of lipid, apolipoprotein, and carbohydrate metabolism have been previously suggested to be associated with the risk for depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, but results are inconsistent.ObjectiveTo examine whether the biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolism are associated with the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study with longitudinal data collection assessed 211 200 participants from the Apolipoprotein-Related Mortality Risk (AMORIS) cohort who underwent occupational health screening between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1996, mainly in the Stockholm region in Sweden. Statistical analysis was performed during 2022 to 2023.ExposuresLipid, apolipoprotein, and carbohydrate biomarkers measured in blood.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe associations between biomarker levels and the risk of developing depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders through the end of 2020 were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models. In addition, nested case-control analyses were conducted within the cohort, including all incident cases of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders, and up to 10 control individuals per case who were individually matched to the case by year of birth, sex, and year of enrollment to the AMORIS cohort, using incidence density sampling. Population trajectories were used to illustrate the temporal trends in biomarker levels for cases and controls.ResultsA total of 211 200 individuals (mean [SD] age at first biomarker measurement, 42.1 [12.6] years; 122 535 [58.0%] male; 188 895 [89.4%] born in Sweden) participated in the study. During a mean (SD) follow-up of 21.0 (6.7) years, a total of 16 256 individuals were diagnosed with depression, anxiety, or stress-related disorders. High levels of glucose (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20-1.41) and triglycerides (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.20) were associated with an increased subsequent risk of all tested psychiatric disorders, whereas high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97) were associated with a reduced risk. These results were similar for male and female participants as well as for all tested disorders. The nested case-control analyses demonstrated that patients with depression, anxiety, or stress-related disorders had higher levels of glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol during the 20 years preceding diagnosis, as well as higher levels of apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein B during the 10 years preceding diagnosis, compared with control participants.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of more than 200 000 participants, high levels of glucose and triglycerides and low levels of high-density lipoprotein were associated with future risk of depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders. These findings may support closer follow-up of individuals with metabolic dysregulations for the prevention and diagnosis of psychiatric disorders.

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Association of the metabolic syndrome with depression and anxiety in Japanese men: A 1‐year cohort study

Abstract: Our results suggest that MetS is a predictive factor for the development of depression, and that waist circumference largely contributes to the association between MetS and depression.

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women

Metabolic syndrome and depressive symptoms among Japanese men and women

Effect of Metabolic Syndrome on Depression in Mice

Metabolic Profile and Long-Term Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress-Related Disorders

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