Association of the Main Phase of the Geomagnetic Storms in Solar Cycles 23 and 24 With Corresponding Solar Wind‐IMF Parameters

Abstract

The large fluctuations in the geomagnetic field lasting from several hours to several days are identified as geomagnetic activities/storms (e.g., Akasofu, 1981;Gonzalez et al., 1994;Svalgaard, 1977). The geomagnetic activities are produced by large electric currents flowing at different regions in the magnetosphere and ionosphere during space weather events and they are found to have different characteristics at different latitudes. Therefore, for studying the activities at different latitudes, the indices such as the low latitude disturbance storm time (Dst) and symmetric H (SymH) indices (

Double Superposed Epoch Analysis of Geomagnetic Storms and Corresponding Solar Wind and IMF in Solar Cycles 23 and 24

“…But in high latitudes, the reduction in the epoch average AEmax is negligible compared even to the largest AEmax (4% against 45%). The averages of the individual AEmax and individual Kpmax are also found to decrease by only 7% and 6%, respectively, in SC24 compared to SC23 (Manu et al., 2022).…”

“…The geomagnetic storms have been studied for over 150 years using the observed data, indices and models (e.g., Burton et al., 1975; Ebihara et al., 2005; Ellis, 1899; Franco et al., 2021; Liemohn et al., 2001; Lockwood, McWilliams, et al., 2020; Lockwood, Owens, et al., 2020; Manu et al., 2022). For reviews, see Gonzalez et al.…”

“…The geomagnetic storms have been studied for over 150 years using the observed data, indices and models (e.g., Burton et al, 1975;Ebihara et al, 2005;Ellis, 1899;Franco et al, 2021;Liemohn et al, 2001;Manu et al, 2022). For reviews, see Gonzalez et al (1994Gonzalez et al ( , 2011, Daglis (1997), Luhr et al (2017), and Akasofu (2021).…”

A fresh look at the intensity and impulsive strength of geomagnetic storms

“…To improve the time and spatial resolutions, the SymH index of 1-minute resolution was developed (Iyemori et al,1992) using the H-component data from up to 6 stations of MLS ~70º. The Dst and SymH indices have been used for studying not only the geomagnetic storms (e.g, Russell et al, 1973;Burton et al, 1975a;Gonzalez et al, 2011;Gopalswamy et al, 2015;Yermolaev et al, 2021;Balan et al, 2021;Manu et al, 2022Manu et al, , 2023 but also the disturbed upper atmosphere, ionosphere and magnetosphere (e.g., Fuller-Rowell et al, 1994;Manuucci et al, 2005;Tulasiram et al, 2010). For reviews, see Akasofu (1981Akasofu ( , 2021, Proless (1995), Daglis (1997), Luhr et al (2017) and Zong et al, (2021).…”

Catalog of Geomagnetic Storms with Dst Index ≤ −50 nT and Their Solar and Interplanetary Origin (1996–2019)

“…A rich volume of research has been devoted to the GS phenomenon, e.g., see [27,31,32] for literature reviews, since a representative description goes beyond the scope of this report. For example, very early on, it was established that the Dst index varies with the conditions in the IP space [33], and the topic continued to be further explored with the availability of new satellite data, e.g., [7,34].…”