Association of Testosterone and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Men

Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Li, Benyi; Giles, Wayne H.; Liu, Simin

doi:10.2337/dc09-1788

Cited by 174 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In men lower testosterone levels have been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Insulin resistance (IR) linked to visceral adiposity (6) is regarded as a major pathophysiological mechanism leading to the metabolic syndrome and T2DM (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor CAG repeat length polymorphism modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in men

Möhlig

Arafat²,

Osterhoff³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Low circulating testosterone concentrations have been associated with insulin resistance (IR). Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR) whose activity is modulated by a polymorphic CAG repeat sequence within exon 1. An interaction between testosterone and CAG repeat length (CAG length) with respect to IR has been described in women. Objective: We investigated such a putative interaction between testosterone and the CAG length with respect to IR in men with normal glucose tolerance. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: In 113 non-diabetic men calculated free testosterone, the CAG length, and a multiplicative interaction term were investigated by multiple linear regression analysis for an association with IR, as indicated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA %S). Results: In a multivariate regression analysis adjusted for age and body mass index, free testosterone, CAG length, and a multiplicative interaction term were significantly associated with IR (PZ0.001, PZ0.001, PZ0.01 respectively). The model explained 36.6% of the variation of IR and predicted that in carriers with a CAG length of 23, changes in testosterone would only minimally affect IR. For CAG lengths longer than 23, however, an increase in testosterone would improve IR, namely the longer the CAG length, the greater the effect. In contrast, in the case of CAG lengths shorter than 23, the effect of increasing testosterone would be the opposite. Conclusions: In men, testosterone and the AR CAG repeat length polymorphism interacted with respect to IR. The interpretation of the association between testosterone and IR seems to require consideration of the AR CAG repeat polymorphism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Androgen receptor CAG repeat length polymorphism modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in men

Möhlig

Arafat²,

Osterhoff³

et al. 2011

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…17 The changes of SHBG levels in the circulation can be caused by metabolic syndrome, overweight/obese and smoking habits. [18][19][20] The other result showed that SHBG protein polymorphisms did not affect to the levels of SHBG, TT and FT. 21 Insulin produced by pancreatic cells and necessary for carbohydrate metabolism in the cells. Furthermore, it has been proven in men that increasing testosterone levels decreases insulin sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 50%

The negative correlation between testosterone levels and age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia

Parwanto¹

2017

Int J Res Med Sci

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Background: Testosterone levels in the circulation determined by production and secretion by Leydig cell in the testes. The action mechanism of testosterone to target cells mediated by sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The levels of testosterone and SHBG in circulation determine men's health. The objective in this study to know the relationship between testosterone, SHBG and insulin with age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study involving 250 healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia. Consecutive sampling was done in this study. Testosterone, SHBG and insulin in the serum were measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA). Glucose, triglycerides and albumin were measured using a spectrophotometer. Regression analysis was done to know the correlation between testosterone, SHBG and insulin with age.Results: The levels of TT, free testosterone (FT), SHBG and percentage of free testosterone (%FT) in healthy Indonesian men were negatively correlated with age (p<0.05). Free testosterone index (FTI) and insulin are not correlated with age (p>0.05). The levels of SHBG, FT, %FT and FTI were correlated positively with TT (p<0.05), but insulin did not correlate with TT (p>0.05). The %FT and FTI were positively correlated with FT (p<0.05), but SHBG and insulin levels did not correlate with FT (p>0.05). SHBG levels are not correlated with insulin (p>0.05). The rate of decline in TT levels in this study 9.8% per decade, while in SHBG levels 8.19% per decade.Conclusions: The levels of TT, FT, % FT and SHBG in this study were negatively correlated with age, but the FTI and insulin did not correlate with age. The rate of decline in TT levels in this study 9.8% per decade, while in SHBG levels 8.19% per decade.

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“…Metabolic syndrome and its components have been associated with low T and SHBG [9,[92][93][94][95]. T levels are inversely related to insulin concentrations [92].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…TT annual decrease rate is approximately 0.4-1% [5,[8][9][10] resulting to levels beneath the reference range in 20% of healthy men over 60 and 30-50% over 80 [6,11]. In a cohort of males aged between 40 and 79 years, 17% had TT levels beneath 11 nmol/l (320 ng/dl) and 2.1% suffered from hypogonadism defined by TT below 11 nmol/l (320 ng/dl), FT below 220 pmol/l (640 pg/dl) and three sexual symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A view of geriatrics through hormones. What is the relation between andropause and well-known geriatric syndromes?

Samaras

Lang

et al. 2013

Maturitas

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a b s t r a c tAge related male hypogonadism, or "andropause", is increasingly recognized as of frequent occurrence in older patients. Diagnosis requires both the presence of clinical symptoms and low testosterone levels. However, diagnosing andropause in this age group may be challenging since symptoms are frequently non specific and testosterone levels are influenced by a multitude of parameters such as lifestyle factors and chronic diseases. In this article we discuss the pathophysiology, definition and diagnostic difficulties of andropause in geriatric patients. Moreover, we review the relation between testosterone levels and frequent geriatric syndromes such as falls, osteoporosis, cognitive and mood disorders, anemia and cardiovascular disease. Finally, we examine the potential benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy in this age group.

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Association of Testosterone and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Men

Cited by 174 publications

References 28 publications

Androgen receptor CAG repeat length polymorphism modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in men

Androgen receptor CAG repeat length polymorphism modifies the impact of testosterone on insulin sensitivity in men

The negative correlation between testosterone levels and age in healthy Indonesian men residing in the special capital province of Jakarta, Indonesia

A view of geriatrics through hormones. What is the relation between andropause and well-known geriatric syndromes?

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