Association of stigma with mental health and quality of life among Indonesian COVID-19 survivors

Abstract

Background and objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors face societal stigma. The study aims to analyze the association of this stigma with the mental health and quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we observed 547 adults who were previously documented as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) positive by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, treated in a hospital or an emergency hospital and proven to be SARS-CoV-2 negative by their latest PCR test. We adopted the Berger HIV Stigma Scale to measure stigma; the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Form to measure quality of life; and the Mental Health Inventory-38 to measure mental health. The chi-square and binary logistic regression tests were used to find the correlation between the variables. Results The multivariate analysis revealed that medium stigma was more likely related to quality of life and mental health than low stigma. Females were less likely to experience stigma related to mental health than men, and respondents who worked as laborers and entrepreneurs were less likely to experience stigma related to mental health than those who worked as civil workers/army personnel/teachers/lecturers. COVID-19 survivors experienced medium stigma in society and lower quality of life and mental health status. We found that quality of life and mental health were affected by stigma, sex, and occupation. Conclusion COVID-19 survivors are a vulnerable group that is most at risk when they return to their communities. Creating a safe environment and providing respectful care, including addressing complex stigma factors, is vital for developing appropriate interventions.

Stigma Experienced by Patients Who Recovered from COVID-19 in the Post- Vaccination Period: Prevalence, Severity and Associated Factors

“…In previous studies, the prevalence ranged from 29.4-84.5% in survivor-reported studies [4,6,[25][26][27] and 45.9% − 64% in public-reported study [12,24,25]. Therefore, the value of 51.8% reported in this study still fell within the former range.…”

“…Second, we compared our results with the study that classi ed stigma into levels. Among the survivor-reported studies, only the study by Wahyuhadi et al 4 presented the level of stigma. Wahyuhadi et al found that 83.55% of the survivors experienced moderate-to-high stigmatization, whereas, only 19.9% reported moderate-to-high levels of stigma in this study, Third, the comparison was made to studies within Thailand.…”

Impact of COVID-19 on Financial Performance and Profitability of Banking Sector in Special Reference to Private Commercial Banks: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic in March 2020 [31,32]. This global pandemic has caused unparalleled ruffles for global economic and human life [33,34]. As a result, the world's global trade suffered much due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and the growth trend of the world economy expects to remain low compared with the pre-pandemic situation [35].…”

Increasing Adolescents’ Religiosity and Resilience through Islamic Spiritual Mindfulness

“…Mental health is a condition of emotional, psychological, social, and spiritual health where this condition can be seen in satisfying interpersonal relationships (1)(2)(3). World Health Organization (WHO) reported that around 35 million people were stressed, 60 million people were affected by bipolar disorder, 21 million people were affected by schizophrenia, and 47.5 million people were affected by dementia (4).…”