Association of socioeconomic position with smoking and mortality: the contribution of early life circumstances in the 1946 birth cohort

Giesinger, Ingrid; Goldblatt, Peter; Howden‐Chapman, Philippa; Marmot, Michael; Kuh, Diana; Brunner, Eric J.

doi:10.1136/jech-2013-203159

Cited by 35 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Low income individuals are notable for their high prevalence of smoking and smoking related disease, 34–38 their infrequent use of evidence based smoking treatment, and their low rate of smoking cessation success. 5,8,9 The present research suggests that financial incentives for engaging in quitline smoking cessation counseling increases low income smokers’ use of evidence based treatment and their quitting success.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial of Incentives for Smoking Treatment in Medicaid Members

Fraser

Fiore

Kobinsky

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Low income populations are especially likely to smoke and have difficulty quitting. This study evaluated a monetary incentive intended to increase smoking treatment engagement and abstinence amongst Medicaid recipients who smoke. Study Design 2-group randomized clinical trial of Incentive (n=948) and Control interventions (n=952) for smoking. Setting/Participants Medicaid recipients recruited from primary care patients (n=920) and callers to the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line (WTQL; n=980). Intervention Participants were offered five quitline cessation calls and were encouraged to obtain cessation medication (covered by Medicaid). Only Incentive condition participants received compensation for taking counseling calls ($30 per call) and for biochemically-verified abstinence at the 6-month visit ($40). All participants received additional payment for completing a baseline assessment and a 6-month smoking test. Main Outcome Measures 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence 6-months post study entry and cost/quit. Results Incentive condition participants had significantly higher biochemically determined 7-day point-prevalence smoking abstinence rates 6 months after study induction than did Controls (21.6% vs. 13.8%, respectively: p<.0001). A positive treatment effect of incentives was present across other abstinence indices, but the size of effects and levels of abstinence varied considerably across indices. Incentive condition participants were also significantly more likely than non-incentivized Control participants to accept WTQL treatment calls and their acceptance of calls mediated their attainment of higher abstinence rates at 6-month follow-up. The cost/quit/participant averaged $4,268.26 for the Control participants and $3,601.37 for the Incentive participants. Conclusions This study shows that fairly moderate levels of incentive payments for treatment engagement and abstinence (a total possible payment of = $190) increased very low income smokers’ engagement and success in smoking cessation treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Trial of Incentives for Smoking Treatment in Medicaid Members

Fraser

Fiore

Kobinsky

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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“…Higher childhood socioeconomic status has previously been reported as associated with larger hippocampal volume and brain size in late life (Staff et al, 2012). Childhood socioeconomic status seems moreover to predict smoking habits in adulthood (Giesinger et al, 2014; Laitinen et al, 2013) and duration of education, which in turn is a proxy of adult socioeconomic status (Staff et al, 2012). Our results thus suggest that enduring developmental effects on brain structure may be explained by the association of early life experience with education, adult socioeconomic status and adulthood smoking prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of lifestyle dimensions on brain pathology and cognition

Schreiber

Vogel

Schwimmer

et al. 2016

Neurobiology of Aging

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Single lifestyle factors affect brain biomarkers and cognition. Here we addressed the covariance of various lifestyle elements and investigated their impact on positron emission tomography (PET)-based β-amyloid (Aβ), hippocampal volume and cognitive function in aged controls. Lower Aβ burden was associated with a lifestyle comprising high cognitive engagement and low vascular risk, particularly in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 carriers. While cognitive function was related to high lifetime cognitive engagement and low vascular risk, Aβ load had no relation to current cognitive function. The covariance between high adult socioeconomic status, high education and low smoking prevalence predicted better cognitive function, and this was mediated by larger hippocampal volume. Our data show that lifestyle is a complex construct composed of associated variables, some of which reflect factors operating over the lifespan and others which may be developmental. These factors affect brain health via different pathways, which may reinforce one another. Our findings moreover support the importance of an intellectually enriched lifestyle accompanied by vascular health on both cognition and presumed cerebral mediators of cognitive function.

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“…A social gradient has also been seen in the compression of morbidity and functional limitations (House, Lantz & Herd 2005). Childhood SES also has an effect on mortality (Giesinger et al 2014). …”

Section: Socioeconomic Status In Old Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to outdoor physical activity and unmet physical activity need in older adults

Eronen

Bonsdorff

Törmäkangas

et al. 2014

Preventive Medicine

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Physical activity is a basic need, also in old age. However, many older people cannot fulfil this need, often due to walking limitations causing imbalance in person-environment fit. Decreased physical activity can lead to unmet physical activity need and restriction on life-space mobility. The opportunities to remain physically active depend on various factors, not all of which are equally achievable for all older adults. The aim was to investigate disparities in physical activity among older community-dwelling people, with a focus on functioning, environmental barriers and facilitators, and socioeconomic status (SES).The data were drawn from two studies conducted in Central Finland: Screening and Counseling for Physical Activity and Mobility (632 participants, 75% women, mean age 77.6) and Life-Space Mobility in Old Age (848 participants, 62% women, mean age 80.1). Walking limitations, SES, social support, environmental facilitators for outdoor walking and barriers to outdoor physical activity were self-reported. The outcome measures were unmet physical activity need, walking limitation and life-space mobility.Five outdoor physical activity barrier profiles were identified, in which people differed in health and functioning and vulnerability to the challenges of the environment. A higher number of environmental facilitators decreased the risk for walking limitation. The risk for unmet physical activity need increased along with the number of individual and environmental outdoor physical activity barriers, but was highest among people whose poor health and functioning hindered them from going outdoors. Low SES was associated with more restricted life-space mobility and unmet physical activity need, especially among persons with walking limitations.Disparities in physical activity can be traced back to various individual, social and environmental factors. The importance of the environment for physical activity is considerable especially among older people with walking limitations. Keywords ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was carried out at the Gerontology Research Center, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland. My deepest gratitude goes to the supervisors of this thesis, Professor Taina Rantanen and Mikaela von Bonsdorff, PhD. Taina, I can't stop wondering how you always have solutions to the most complex problems and answers to even the trickiest questions. I highly value your knowledge and experience in the field of gerontology and feel proud that I have been able to conduct my PhD thesis under your supervision. Mikaela, thank you for always having time for me and my questions, especially during the first year of my PhD studies. I admire your enthusiasm towards research and appreciate the guidance and advice that you have given me. I feel that we have become friends during these years. I sincerely thank Professor Teppo Kröger for his interest and supportive comments on this work. I also want to thank Research Director Katja Kokko at the Gerontology Research Center, and Director of t...

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Association of socioeconomic position with smoking and mortality: the contribution of early life circumstances in the 1946 birth cohort

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

A Randomized Trial of Incentives for Smoking Treatment in Medicaid Members

A Randomized Trial of Incentives for Smoking Treatment in Medicaid Members

Impact of lifestyle dimensions on brain pathology and cognition

Barriers to outdoor physical activity and unmet physical activity need in older adults

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