Association of social capital at the individual level with physical activity in communities with high mortality in Korea

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of various dimensions of social capital at the individual level with physical activity. We used data from community health interviews conducted in 40 sub-municipal-level administrative units with high mortality from August to October in 2010, 2011 or 2012 for health projects in South Korea. The 8800 study subjects included 220 adults from each administrative unit, who were sampled systematically using the resident registration database. The physical activity level was defined according to the intensity, duration and frequency of self-reported physical activity. Social capital indicators were assessed with measures used in other health surveys or studies. Adjusting for gender, age, marital status, educational level, occupation, food security (a proxy for socio-economic status), administrative unit and self-rated health, we calculated the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of participating in physical activity based on various measures of social capital using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Social participation in both informal and formal organizations compared with no social participation, higher generalized trust compared with lower trust and higher perceived control at both the community and individual levels compared with lower perceived control at both levels increased the odds of being physically active [AOR = 1.25 (95% CI: 1.10-1.41), 1.36 (95% CI: 1.19-1.54) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.17-1.48), respectively]. Various social capital measures at the individual level were found to be associated with physical activity independently of each other and of confounders in communities with high mortality in Korea.

Analysis of Risk Factors on Readmission Cases of COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea: Using Nationwide Health Claims Data

“…Furthermore, income level, which is an important factor for determining the level of health [ 23 ], also affected the coronavirus hospital readmission rate. A lower level of income led to a higher mortality rate from COVID-19, according to the COVID-19 mortality study in Sweden [ 24 ].…”

Associations among neighborhood poverty, perceived neighborhood environment, and depressed mood are mediated by physical activity, perceived individual control, and loneliness

“…We reverse-coded items so that higher scores indicate more control. These items have been used in previous research studies and found to be reliable (Cronbach's alpha ¼ 0.83) (Taylor et al, 2012(Taylor et al, , 2017Kim et al, 2016).…”

Indices and Indicators Developed to Evaluate the “Strengthening Community Actions” Mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion: A Scoping Review

“…Twenty-one articles were categorized in this group. The identified indices were 1) community involvement, 68,69 different forms of social participation, 35,39,45,56,61,70-77 social club membership, 40 organizational membership, 78 civic engagement, 33 partnership with the community, 72 and health democracy. 79,80 As another index, gay community involvement was defined as “a new multidimensional measure of the type and intensity of participation in a variety of activities within the gay community.” 68 Two studies introduced “participation” as one of the social capital components, 61,75 and two other studies defined the index in a clear way: “How actively the person has taken part in the activities of formal and informal groups as well as other activities in society during the past 12 months,” 73 and “Sum of the participation proportions of organizations in each community.” 56 In seven studies, the index was measured as an indicator of social capital.…”

“…79,80 As another index, gay community involvement was defined as “a new multidimensional measure of the type and intensity of participation in a variety of activities within the gay community.” 68 Two studies introduced “participation” as one of the social capital components, 61,75 and two other studies defined the index in a clear way: “How actively the person has taken part in the activities of formal and informal groups as well as other activities in society during the past 12 months,” 73 and “Sum of the participation proportions of organizations in each community.” 56 In seven studies, the index was measured as an indicator of social capital. 35,43,56,71,73,75,78…”

“…Twenty-one articles were categorized in this group. The identified indices were 1) community involvement, 68,69 different forms of social participation, 35,39,45,56,61,[70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77] social club membership, 40 organizational membership, 78 civic engagement, 33 partnership with the community, 72 and health democracy. 79,80 As another index, gay community involvement was defined as "a new multidimensional measure of the type and intensity of participation in a variety of activities within the gay community."…”