Association of SNPs from iNOS and TLR-4 Genes with Economic Trait in Chicken

Abstract

iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase) and TLR-4 (Toll-like Receptor-4) play crucial roles in innate immunity of poultry. iNOS has been mapped to chicken chromosome 14 and implicated in a variety of chicken diseases. iNOS possesses potent antimicrobial activity, including the inhibition of microbes replication in vitro. TLR-4 is a pathogen associated molecularpattern receptor for bacterial product, such as LPS (lipopolysaccharides) found in Gram negative bacteria, that triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine expression after engagement with ligands. In the previous studies, genetic analysis of iNOS and TLR-4 revealed the possible association of mutation in these genes with the intestinal microflora of cecum when infected with Salmonella spp. This study was aimed to augment previous findings, which show the association of iNOS (C14513T) and TLR-4 (G4409T) polymorphisms with economic traits in Korean Native Black (KNB), Rhode Island Red (RIR) and Cornish chickens. Investigation in the effect of SNPs on economic traits (layday, layw, layno, bw150, bw270, layw270) was conducted. iNOS (C14513T) had a significant effect on the average body weight at 270 days of age (p<0.05) in both KNB and RIR, whereas TLR-4 (G4409T) showed no significant correlation with all traits (p>0.05). The results obtained from using the candidate genes can be useful for the genetic improvement of body weight in both KNB and RIR breeds.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens) Substances in LPS−Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

“…iNOS is expressed in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), etc. ; biosynthesizes NO; and is known to be involved in causing skin erythema, dermatosis, and an inflammatory response, as well as in regulating immune function [7]. In addition, the expressed iNOS activates COX−2, and the activated COX−2 is involved in the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), an inflammatory reaction mediator; this PGE 2 is known to act on inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, pain, and fever, among other conditions [8].…”

Candidate Genes Applications in Genetic Improvement Programs in Chickens

“…However, several molecular associations' studies during the decade 2000-2010 have shown the association between candidate genes and growth traits and/or feed conversions in chickens (Amills et al, 2003;Liu and Lamont, 2003;Lei et al, 2005;Qiu et al, 2006;Ye et al, 2006;Cao et al, 2007, Lei et al, 2007Nie et al, 2008;Leng et al , 2009;Ou et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2009;Zhang et al, 2009;Ahmed, 2010;Fang et al, 2010). In addition, these associations' studies have been confirmed recently during the years of 2011-2021 by other investigators (Uemoto et al, 2011;Niknafs et al, 2012;Rikimaru et al, 2012;Cahyadi et al, 2013;Lim et al, 2013;Seo et al, 2013;El Moujahid et al, 2014;Anh et al, 2015;Ashraf and El-Tarabany, 2015;Molee et al, 2016;Kazemi et al, 2018;Zhao et al, 2015;Yi et al, 2018;Jin et al, 2018;Saleh et Chickens, Candidate genes, QTL, GWAS, Genomic Breeding Values (GBV), Genomic selection.…”

“…Also, the associations between candidate genes and egg production and egg quality traits have been confirmed in chickens (Cui et al, 2006;Li et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2011a,b;Zhu and Jiang, 2014;Ngu et al, 2015;Vu and Ngu 2016;Charoensook et al, 2016;Osman et al, 2017;Nguyen et al, 2018;Azmal et al, 2019;Bhattacharya et al, 2019). In the last two decades, several studies have reported the associations of immune genes with immune response, bacterial burden and antibody titers against Salmonella in chickens (Zhou et al, 2001;Lamont et al, 2002;Kramer et al, 2003;Liu and Lamont, 2003;Malek and Lamont, 2003;Zhou and Lamont, 2003a;Malek et al, 2004;Ahmed, 2010;Cahyadi et al, 2013;Khatab et al, 2017;Saleh et al, 2020bSaleh et al, , 2021. GWAS results have been shown that this GWAS approach could be useful in selection for phenotypic performance using customized gene chips (Moser et al, 2009;Xu et al, 2013;Yuan et al, 2015;Gianola et al, 2016;Psifidi et al, 2016;Fan et al, 2017;Pértille et al, 2017;Azmal et al, 2019;Kudinov et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2019;Qu et al, 2019).…”

“…SNP genotypes and their associations with growth, feeding performance, egg production and egg quality, disease resistance responses in chickens: Regarding growth traits, Seo et al (2013) found a significant association between SNP of TSH-β gene and body weight at day 150 in Cornish chickens where chicks of CC genotype (302 ± 6.3 g) were significantly heavier than that of GG genotype (294 ± 4.5 g) (p<0.05). Anh et al (2015) reported that genotypes of AG and GG showing similar positive effects on chicken growth, while Zhao et al (2015) reported that chicks of AA genotype of IGFBP-2 gene had significantly heavier body weight at hatch and 12 weeks of age, than that of AB genotype (p<0.05).…”