Association of sleep trajectory in adulthood with risk of hypertension and its related risk factors: the China Health and Nutrition Survey

Abstract

Peoples Republic of China; *Contributed equally Study Objectives: Few studies have examined the association between sleep duration trajectories and hypertension. This study aims to examine association of sleep duration trajectories with risk of hypertension and its related factors.Methods: This study used longitudinal data for 7,397 adults who provided valid responses in questionnaire with regard to information of sleep and hypertension from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). Subgroup analyses included 5,532 participants in whom hypertension-related factors were measured using blood samples. Latent class trajectory analysis was used to identify different sleep duration trajectories. Multivariate Cox regression models and general linear regression models were used to assess association of trajectories with hypertension and its related factors. Results: Compared to stable sleep duration around 8 hours, the trajectory showing a persistent decrease in sleep duration with aging was significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension (hazard ratio 1.12, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.24), whereas no significant association was observed between the trajectory showing an increase in sleep duration to 9 hours with aging and risk of hypertension (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.19). Further, uric acid levels, fasting glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, and apolipoprotein B levels were significantly higher in the trajectory showing a persistent decrease in sleep duration with aging than the other two trajectories (all P < .05). Conclusions: Decreasing sleep duration during aging is significantly associated with increased risk of hypertension and higher levels of its biomarkers throughout adulthood.

The Associations of Trajectory of Sleep Duration and Inflammation with Hypertension: A Longitudinal Study in China

“…A study revealed that persistently slept ≤6 hours, compared with persistently slept 7 hours, increased the risk of hypertension among women in Korea through over 5 years follow-up; 20 another study conducted in China suggested persistently decrease of sleep duration was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension. 32 In consistent with the two findings, our results also observed that persistent short sleep duration increased the risk of hypertension. In addition, our findings found that persistently slept ≥10 hours/day and changed pattern over time also increased the risk of hypertension.…”

Association of longitudinal patterns of nighttime sleep duration and daytime napping duration with risk of multimorbidity

“…Another study found the association of persistent poor sleep quality and persistent sleep problems with continued deterioration in physical health [28]. Other studies have identi ed associations between persistently short nighttime sleep duration and the prevalence of hypertension [29], the risk of diabetes [27], and the risk of a rst cardiovascular event [17]. In addition, the Whitehall II study and a Korean study respectively found an association of consistently short sleep duration with the risk of dementia and depression [18,19].…”

Neighborhood Light at Night and Noise Levels, and Long-Term Sleep Trajectories in the Southern Community Cohort Study

“…A growing number of studies have shown that long-term sleep trajectories are unique predictors of health outcomes. For instance, consistent short and long sleep duration over time has been linked to multiple adverse health effects on human health, including systemic inflammation, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and mortality [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Moreover, unstable or fluctuating sleep duration over time has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality [ 12 , 13 , 37 ], as well as elevated levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 [ 10 , 11 ], which can contribute to many diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality [ 38 , 39 ].…”

“…Moreover, sleep is a dynamic behavior that may change over time. More recently, several studies suggested that changes in sleep and long-term sleep trajectories are unique predictors of health concerns and diseases, such as hypertension [ 8 , 9 ], systemic inflammation [ 10 , 11 ], cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality [ 12 , 13 ]. Considering the important health implications of sleep patterns, it is important to study the factors that may shape sleep behavior and contribute to health outcomes.…”